METHODS OF FERTILISATION, 559 
on the teeth of margin which secrete a sticky varnish to protect 
the tender epidermis. At the base of each leaf are two cushion- 
shaped glands with their secreting surfaces turned downwards ; 
the secretion is very slight. In the autumn and spring months 
the old leaves turn a dull orange red, and, indeed, the young leaves 
show a good deal of the same tint. 
The male flowers have petals and sepals, the inside of the flowers 
being filled, and the petals margined, with woolly hairs (Fig. 12). 
The stamens are twelve in number, and the anthers open ex- 
trorsely. The female flowers have usually sepals only, and there 
are no woolly hairs present (Fig. 13); the immature ovulary has 
a few minute stellate hairs on its surface. The stigma is deeply 
divided into six arms (Fig. 14). The lowest flowers in the racemes 
open first. But in some racemes bearing both males and females 
there are two sets of males. A number of those at the top will 
be found open and shedding pollen, while lower down there will be 
found a number of male buds, each above an open female. The 
pollen is large, with fine projections (Fig. 15), so that it is unlikely 
that the plant is largely wind-fertilised. I have never seen any 
nectar in either kind of flower, but they are very strongly scented. 
The young shoots are a gocd deal infested by a black aphis, and 
there is no doubt they are sometimes fertilised by the winged 
individuals of these, as I have seen them on both male and female 
flowers, and with pollen adhering to them. The ants run up and 
down the racemes, visiting the aphides, and no doubt also con- 
tribute to the fertilisation. Various species of Diptera and Hymen- 
optera frequent the blossoms to feed on the pollen. The native 
bee (Trigonia carbonaria) collects pollen from the blossoms. It is 
rare to find a female flower which does not mature seed, so that the 
means of fertilisation seem to be sufficient. 
Baloghia lucida, Endl.—This tree grows freely in the brush 
forests in the neighbourhood of creeks in Illawarra. It is mone- 
cious, the males and females growing on separate twigs. The 
flowers are white, and have a rich scent, exactly like that of 
Sarcochilus olivaceus, which grows in the same dark forests. 
Many insects, especially moths, are attracted by the scent and the 
honey which is secreted by the glands on the disc. The female 
flowers almost invariably produce seed. The fruits are eaten by 
the flock pigeons (Lopholaimus antarcticus), which void the seeds 
uninjured, and thus aid in the distribution of the plants. 
SAPINDACE. 
Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Linn. “ Balloon Vine.”—This is 
an annual climber, of which Hermann Miller says that it is pro- 
terandrous (1, p. 164). It is markedly irregular in form, and 
would, therefore, appear to be adapted to insect visitors, and yet 
