METHODS OF FERTILISATION. 561 
at all likely to be fertilised with itsown pollen. Butas the anthers 
open in the central part of the head, their pollen must often drop 
on the stigmas of the outer flowers, especially as the heads nod. 
In this way fertilisation ensues between flowers of same head. 
The plant is a great favourite with insects. Among those frequent- 
ing the two shrubs in my garden were many Hymenoptera. The 
hive bees worked all over the heads, beginning at the outer edge, 
and collecting both honey and pollen, as did many small native 
species of thesame order. Among Lepidoptera I noticed Pyrameis 
itea, Fab., P. Kershawii, McCoy, and some small day-flying moths. 
These travelled all over the heads, inserting their proboscides in 
every flower; they were usually well covered with the bright 
orange pollen. A species of Agarista also visited them. A small 
green hemipterous insect seemed to live entirely in between the 
flowers. Every flower in the heads set seed, and many seedlings 
are found round the plants, both in my garden and outside. 
Since completing the above I have collected a variety of this 
plant with pistillate flowers only. In Moore and Betche’s “ Hand- 
book of the Flora of N.S.W.” this species is placed in the section 
having bisexual flowers, or rarely with the sexes showing slight 
indication of separation. 
, The leaves were rather thinner in texture than in a normal 
form, the flowers a purer white, and, on the whole, much more 
hairy. They were being visited by flies and small Hymenoptera, 
and many of the stigmas were smeared with pollen. Very many 
of the heads were maturing fruits. 
ROSACEE. 
Rubus rosifolius, 8m.—This shrub flowers and fruits at all times 
of the year. It is apt to produce variegated foliage, patches and 
lines of cream-colour appearing in the pale green. The large white 
petals are variable in number, 5-7, and it sometimes has com- 
pletely double flowers. The stamens are in a ring round the 
carpels, and the anthers and stigmas mature simultaneously. The 
stamens are at first curved upwards towards the carpels, but later 
straighten out. All parts of the plant are beset with green capitate 
glands—even the carpels, and they persist on the ripe fruit, but 
are then golden yellow in the head, and crimson in the stalk. 
They secrete a resin which gives the whole plant its pleasantly 
aromatic scent. Honey is secreted in a groove between the 
anthers and the ovulary. The flowers are visited by bees and flies, 
which alight upon the ovulary, and work head downward all 
round. The flowers are fertilised in this way; but should no 
insects visit them, autogamy occurs, as the newly-opened flowers 
have pollen all over the stigmas. Every flower develops fruit. 
2N 
