SIXTY YEARS OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY. 681 
the rich islands of the Malay Archipelago, where the travels of 
Wallace have been followed by the researches of many other 
naturalists. ; 
Nor can I refer in detail to explorations in Central Asia, the 
United States, Canada, and elsewhere, and although I feel I have 
trespassed too much on your patience, it would be impossible to 
conclude this imperfect sketch of the sixty years’ progress of 
geographical discovery without saying a few words on the services 
to geography rendered, during the Queen’s reign, by those of her 
own sex. At the accession, Mrs. Somerville was the best physical 
geographer in Great Britain, and her distinction won for her the 
gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1869, an honor 
only accorded to one other woman—Lady Franklin. In 1842, 
Frau Ida Pfeiffer commenced her wanderings, which covered 
almost every quarter of the globe and led to a number of popular 
books of travel. Since then, Miss North followed in Madame 
Pfeiffer’s footsteps in search of flowers to study and paint in all 
climates, Miss Gordon-Cumming, the late Lady Brassey, the 
indefatigable Mrs. Bishop, and Miss Kingsley have performed 
feats of travel far beyond the averages of globe-trotters or 
pleasure-seekers. Lady Baker accompanied her husband on_ his 
expedition up the Nile to the Equator, and Mrs. Peary stayed by 
her husband during an Arctic winter in Northern Greenland. 
The ill-fated Mdlle. Tinne lost her life in the attempt to penetrate 
the Sahara, Mrs. Theodore Bent has accompanied her husband 
into parts of Africa and Arabia, where no white woman has been 
before. Lady Anne Blunt in another part of Arabia rendered 
real services to geography. 
It would be impossible to enumerate the noble company of 
lady missionaries, who have followed hard on the explorer and 
trader into the inmost recesses of Africa and Asia, sometimes, as 
in the case of Miss Taylor, who went far into Tibet even opening 
up entirely new ground. 
The great names of British and Australian geographers and 
explorers at the beginning of the reign find worthy counterparts 
at the 60th anniversary. Men of the originality of Francis 
Galton, the versatility and wider knowledge of Sir Clements 
Markham and Hugh Robert Mill, and the scientific strength of 
Dr. John Murray, of the “Challenger ;” nor. are the names of 
General Strachey, Admiral Wharton, Ravenstein, Bartholomew, 
and the late Baron von Mueller likely to be soon forgotten, or 
their influence on the progress of geographical science to be 
effaced. 
Everywhere, the scientific geographers of the present day aie 
more numerous than at any previous time. In physical geography 
Suess and Penck in Austria, Richthofen and Supan in Germany, 
Dr. Lapparent in France, and W. M. Davis in the United States 
