THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ECONOMICS. 889 
Upon a first glance at the “Tableau” it appeared to me that it had 
anticipated the dediction of a law such as that I have stated, and 
that the formula which I have presented in Diagram 2 reproduces 
the table inanotherform. This is not, however, the case, although 
the appearance is very deceptive. The “Tableau” does not show 
any increase of incomes in the so-called non-productive class (3), 
the duplication of such portion of their incomes which is shown 
being only incident to the exchange with the primary workers, 
which would result in the 15 shown in my original diagram— 
that is to say, the circulation of the currency for services yielding 
income among the secondary workers themselves has not, and 
necessarily could not, have been considered. It will be seen that 
the series of incomes shown in the first perpendicular column on 
the right in Class 3 of the “Tableau” are received from different 
sources of production or new producers. Each of such incomes 
have expended one-half for product, retaining one-half of the 
currency received, which the text states is expended in the class 
itself in which all manufactures are included, the latter statement 
as to the expenditure being also made as to the currency of 300 
remaining in Class 1. 
The value to a country of the different kinds of production may 
be stated as follows, commencing with those of lowest value, and, 
assuming the proportion of raw material to be 50 per cent.,— 
(1.) New production in manufacturing industry, previously the 
subject of international interchange, in which the raw material is 
not produced in the country nor any additional production in 
exchange for it. For every £100 worth of manufactures so pro- 
duced there will, according to the ratio which I have indicated, be 
increased earnings at least to the amount of £50 by primary 
workers, and £50 by secondary workers. 
(2.) A new production in manufacturing industry, previously 
the subject of international interchange, in which the raw material 
or a new production of raw material to be given in exchange for 
it is produced in the country. In this case, for every £100 of 
manufactures so produced, there will be increased earnings at least 
to the amount of £100 by primary workers and £100 by secondary 
workers. 
(3.) The production of a new raw material for which there is a 
constant market in other countries. 
This will be a greater source of wealth. 
Australia is said to be particularly adapted for sericulture. ‘The 
grain or worm has been found to be entirely free from the disease 
which exists in other countries, and at one time threatened the 
extinction of the industry. In this case, if the industry were 
established, for every £100 worth of the product, minus the raw 
material used in its production, which should be but fractional, 
