906 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION G. _ 
will greatly advantage the State to have a Federal Government 
Legal Tender Note Issue on a convertible gold basis, available as 
currency throughout the length and breadth of the Federation, 
and under the management and control of non-political Com- 
missioners. 
In general remarks on the whole subject, allusion is made to 
the first tariff likely to be established under the Federal Govern- 
ment. It is believed a compromise between freetraders and 
protectionists will take the form of a revenue tariff with a pro- 
tectionist incidence of a moderate complexion—possibly supple- 
mented, in the case of some infant industries, by what is designated 
‘‘oraduated vanishing bonuses.” Attention is drawn to the fact 
that freetraders indulge the hope that, as the advantages of inter- 
colonial freetrade are experienced, so will the desire grow for the 
extension of the principle. It is believed moderate and “ dis- 
criminating ” protectionists will see the necessity of coalescing in 
time with the freetraders, although, just at present, the colonies 
favouring protectionist tariffs are apparently in the majority. 
The regulation of coloured labour will be a difficult problem to 
solve; but it is hoped 26° south latitude will be accepted as a 
“colour line,” north of which, for tropical agriculture, a limited 
continuance of well-regulated island and other labour may be 
permitted, subject to the labourers being returned to their homes 
at the expense of their employers at the termination of engage- 
ments. The question of a Federal Civil Service is referred to, 
and a means is suggested by which it will be kept free from 
political patronage, and promotion shall depend on merit alone. 
In the Appendix are several tables which supplement the infor- 
mation in the paper, and in them will be found interesting 
reference to the United States, to Canada, to Switzerland, and to 
Germany—all bearing more or less on the question of federation, 
with statistics, which are self-explanatory. There is a curious 
and interesting extract from the defunct Colonial Magazine, of 
March, 1840, which conclusively shows that at that time—fifty- 
seven years ago—there were writers who held what are even now 
the prevalent views respecting the great advantage to Great 
Britain of having colonies for her surplus population, so that her 
emigrants might not go to strengthen her rivals, but rather to 
strengthen herself:—‘The migration of individuals from one part 
of a kingdom or empire, to another part of the same kingdom or 
empire, is decidedly beneficial ; existing deficiencies are supplied, 
the condition of the migrators improved (or else they would not 
have migrated), and knowledge is extended and increased by 
promoting facility of intercourse between distant communities, for 
an incalculable benefit is derived from the interchange of mind, 
as well as from the transfer of merchandise. ~It is those generally 
who are strong of heart, and in full bodily health, who migrate ; 
