476 PROCEEDING.S OF SECTION F. 



IV. The 'Edugaula tribe were the only natives in South-east 

 Papua who ate human flesh and drank human blood raw ! The other 

 tribes were terrified at such doing"s. 



Y. Gao-anumore, the leading- warrior, following the custom of his 

 elder brother, avIio had been the greatest fighter of the tribe, never 

 made peace when he was a loser. He was never satisfied until he had 

 his revenge. 



The causes of war were very numerous. Spears especially were 

 kepi in the houses handy so as to be seized on the occasion of an 

 offerice being offered by anyone. The slightest quarrel would be the 

 cause of spears, clubs, or tomahawks being brought out. 



The following were causes of intertribal or other fights : — 



(1) Revenge always had to be taken for slaying of a member 



of the tribe. Exception: — The death of a thief caught 

 stealing and slain in ihe act is not avenged. A man of the 

 'Eduganla tribe went across the straits in the night to a 

 village of Bwaio, on a thieving expedition. He was caught 

 stealing a bunch of bananas out of a garden and killed. 

 His friends simply said, " It is a shameful thing to steal 

 from those with whom we are at peace. He has received 

 his deserts." 



(2) 'Ebe'Aila : War must be nuade as a matter of course against 



those places whence their ancestors secured prisoners and 

 bodies. 



(3) Though revenge might have been taken again and again 



iov the slaying of a member of the tribe, war must con- 

 tinue whenever there was opportunity. 



(4) Adultery. 



{5) No one was said to die a natural death. Hence, on the 

 death of anyone of importance, the sorcerer who was sus- 

 pected to have caused the death would be attacked : his 

 friends would defend him, and there would be war. 



(6) Theft committed when absent irom the village. On return 



someone would be suspected and accused, and a fight 

 would result. 



(7) EmwaAvasi : Not paying full value of debts owing, especially 



fo]' stone-axes, bone lirne-spatulas, siiell armlets called 

 moari, and ornamental pendants of red shell beads called 

 bagi and arumoi — in fact, all articles worthy of the name 

 of native wealth. 



(8) Stealing a canoe in the absence of the owner. 



(9) Foreigners were always killed, unless it was decided to 



make them members of the tribe. 

 {10) Moving land boundaries. 



(11) Loiaia'ara : Paying a visit to a village with which they 



were at peace for the time, someone there might form a 

 plot to kill one or more of the visiting party. Through 

 the warning of friends the visitors escape. Patiently 

 waiting their opportunity, when the plotter's anger is over, 

 and he has forgotten, he will be caught and killed — hence 

 war. 



(12) The slaying of a rival in a love affair. 



