ETHICAL TRAlNIlSrG. 749 



Some Types of the Geographical Distribution of Birds. 



1. The areas of distribution of 13 species of swallows and swifts, 

 with the approximate courses of migration of two species — an English 

 Swallow and Australian Swift (C. pacificusj. 



2. The northern and southern homes of a Song Thrush (Turdus 

 musicus), with an adopted country. 



3. Isolated distribution of Ant Thrushes. 



4. Broken distribution (Casuarius). 



5. Extended littoral distribution : Silver Eyes fZosteropsJ. 



6. Coast rang© distribution : Lyre Birds ( Menura). 



7. East and west distribution of a genus : Coach-whip Birds 

 (Psophodes). 



8. Hinterland distribution : Jay or Chough (Corcorax). 



9. Parallel distribution : Bower Birds — (1) Spotted (G. macvr- 

 Inta) ; (2) Satin (P. violaceusj. , 



10. Desert distribution : Guttated Bower Bird (C. guttata). 



11. Local distribution : Helmeted Honey-eater (P. cassidix). 



12. Broad distribution: Brown Quail (Synoecus australis). 



13. Island distribution : Great Scrub Tit ( Acanthornis). 



5.— THE PSYCHOLOGIC BASIS OF ETHICAL TRAININa. 



By Mrs. LILIE A. WRIGIIT, Warwick, Queensland. 



The subject of this paper is so exceedingly complex that, to deal 

 with its various parts even in a condensed manner, would require, 

 not a single paper, but a number of volumes. I can only attempt 

 to offer a few suggestions on a subject of intense social importance. 

 My apology for doing so lies in the fact that these suggestions are 

 the outcome of many years of more or less patient endeavour to put 

 into practice the theories laid down by modern authorities upon 

 psychology, and more especially upon that branch of the subject 

 known as '' Child Psychology." If any of these suggestions are so 

 fortunate as to gain elaboration at the hands of someone more 

 competent to deal with them than I am; if, in a word, they pass from 

 the hands of a tyro to those of an expert in mental science, the object 

 of this paper will have been attained. 



To avoid any misunderstanding, let us begin with a definition 

 of the terms "ethics" and "ethical training," as they will be used 

 throughout this paper. By "ethics" we mean, right conduct. The 

 science of ethics aims at discovering, from man's mental and social 

 constitution, how and why certain actions are beneficial, and certain 

 other actions detrimental to man and to society. 



By " ethical training" we mean the application of this science 

 to the education of the young. We imply by the term " ethical 

 training" that, just as children can be trained physically, so that in 

 adult life they shall possess healthy and graceful bodies ; just as they 

 can be taught to read fluently, and to write legibly; just as the 

 growing mind of a child can be trained to observe accurately, and 

 to reason clearly; so the emotional nature of a child can be trained 

 to feel rightly, to love what is good, and to recoil from what is bad. 



