446 On Learning and the Arts. 
"plant vegetates by its side ? As man betters his 
external condition, multiplies the conveniences 
of life, his views enlarge, he connects himself 
more closely with fellow man, he widens his 
connections and dependencies, and to accomplish | 
this his intellect and ingenuity are provoked ; his 
manners also become more insinuating ; he courts 
his fellow by courtesy as well as by kindness ; 
and thus science, the arts, urbanity and the 
agreeable in form, address and intercourse, ad- 
vance with a step proportionate to the growing 
interests, utilities and conveniences of life. 
This appears to me to be the true origin of 
learning and civility, considered in a general 
view,.and to account for their co-temporancous 
existence in every instance, whenever they have 
been found to enter into the human character. 
But learning and civility, though issuing from 
the same source, and always in some degree ac 
companying each other in their progress, may 
vary in their respective character from other cir- 
cumstances; and therefore it may require the 
aid of some other cause to account for the pe- 
culiar politeness of later Europe, which is the 
very object of Rousseau’s invective. To dis- 
criminate the urbanity of Greece and Rome 
from the politeness of the present century, and. 
to account for whatéver is peculiar to and 
characteristic of the latter, may not therefore be 
