458 On Learning and the Arts. 
has studied man as well as books, which alone’ 
deserves the name of true science. And it is to 
this science that Rousseau’s accusation can alone 
apply; for the learned only, who mix with men, 
can give to imposture those advantages, which 
he supposes learning to furnish. It is but in a 
small degree that learning and politeness can aid 
the dishonest and the knave; but it isin a very 
high degree that learning and a polished acquaint- 
ance with men can protect against the knave. I 
might illustrate the truth of this observation by 
an appeal to very striking facts, facts of the 
greatest magnitude and importance. Since the 
study of literature and the study of man haveunited 
to enlighten the mind, to give to it more intui-_ 
tion and vigour, false taste, false philosophy, 
false religion, and, I may add, false politics, 
have lost their power of fascination. True 
science, like Ithuriel’s spear, when applied to 
satan in the guise of an angel, has compelled 
them to unveil, and stand forth to view in their 
naked deformity. 
Having rescued learning from the imputation 
of politeness, it is an act of justice to rescue 
politeness from the imputation of insincerity and 
dishonesty, which Rousseau supposes to be her 
necessary attendants, 
_; Every virtue and excellence of man invites a 
