2 ^\. M. TATTERSALL. 



.Mr. Jlodgsoii (1902) dcsciilicd two Hpccies as new, J'Jap/um.'^ia i/l<tci(i/!'^ ami E. (in^fnili.^, 

 collected liy the 'Southern Cross' South I'ular Expedition. Both species are 

 synonymous with E. superbn, l)ana, so that previous to \[)0'.\ (udy four Antarctic 

 species of Schizopoda were known, viz., Encdpln auMralix, Dana, Euphansia supcrha, 

 Dana. Thi/.samiessa macruni, (i. U. Sars, and IKseudoinma f<arsi, Will.-Suhm. 



Of the recent expeditions to the South Pole, wliidi nunil)er seven, the results of 

 the Schizopoda of the French Antarctic Expedition have been published in full, and of 

 the 'Valdiviu' Expedition in part only. M. Coutiere (1906) notes from the French 

 Antarctic collections, EiipJiausia superha, Dana, E. dmiUs, G. O. Sars, Thysanoessa 

 macrura, G. 0. Sars, and Antarctovv/sis nvtxiina (Hansen, MS.), a species also recorded 

 in the preliminary note on the present collection. 



Preliminary descriptions have been published of two Antarctic Mymlve collected 

 by the ' Valdivia ' (Illig, 1900), Dactylerythropn (ivciuita and Echinomysis chuni. The 

 first of these is synonymous with a species DactylamUyops /todgscmi, described below. 



'Phis completes the bibliography as regards purely Antarctic Schizopoda, though a 

 number of sub-Antarctic species are known. 



Ten of the thirteen species collected by the ' Discovery ' were taken in Antarctic 

 waters, and when, as we have seen above, the total previously recorded species number 

 seven, it will be recognised that the present collection has added considerably to our 

 knowledge of South Polar species of this group. 



Tlie most abundant species in the collection is a small Eitphausia, E. cryntal- 

 lorophias, H. and T., which evidently has its head-quarters under the ice, since all the 

 specimens were collected from ice-holes at Winter Quarters, and none Avere met with in 

 the open sea. On the other hand, the dominant species of the collections from open 

 Antarctic waters are Euphausia superha, Dana, and Tliymnoi'ssa macrura, G. 0. Sars. 



The abundant material of the first-named species has afforded opportunity for 

 some observations on the sexual characters and life history of the species, with the 

 result that four other species, hitherto regarded as distinct from E. superba, must now 

 be allocated to its synonymy, having been founded either on characters which are 

 sexual and not specific, or else from immature specimens. 



The scarcity of fully grown males of E. sujjerba seems worthy of note. This fact 

 seems to be established by the results of the various collections of which we have 

 knowledge, since, so far as I am aware, the only one recorded is Sars' ' Challenger ' 

 specimen. M. Coutiere (1900), it is true, notes that male specimens were more 

 numerous than females in the collection he examined, but it is equally clear that none 

 were fully grown, since the largest measured only 45 mm., and was in the stage pre- 

 vious to the last moult into completely grown specimens. There are no fully-grown 

 males in the ' Discovery ' collections, but to judge from the development of the copulatory 

 apparatus on the first pleopods, many of them must be sexually mature at any rate. 



Thysanoessa macrura, G. O. Sars, too, seems never to have been previously met 

 with in full-grown cnnditinn. ami but verv few of t lie ' Discovery ' specimens can be 



