SCHIZOPODA, 5 



The synonymy given here, wlierel)y five supposed distinct species of Euphau.sia 

 ai'i' merged into E. superha, Dana, is the result of a careful examination of the 

 al)undant and valuable 'Discovery' material, aided l)y a comparison with the 

 ' Challenger ' and ' Southern Cross ' types (for which I am greatly indebted to 

 ]\lr. E. AV. L. Holt), and the small collection from the zoological museum of University 

 College, Dundee. 



Reasons for these views were briefly stated in the preliminary notice of tliis 

 collection, and the opinions as to the synonymy of this species, as far as they concern 

 Enphausia antarctica and E. murraiji, have recently l)eeu confirmed and adopted by 

 Coutiere (1906) as a result of his examination of the collection of the French 

 Antarctic Expedition. A fuller justification for these opinions is given below, together 

 with some notes on the growth changes, and sexual differences. 



« 



Female. — This sex has been very well described under the names E. murrar/i l)y 

 O. 0. Sars (1885), and E. australis by Hodgson (1902). 



The ' Discovery ' specimens present some slight diiferences from Sars' description, 

 but the examination of his type specimens proves them to be due to errors on Sars' 

 part. They may be noted under their separate heads as follows : — 



(1) Preanal spine— ^ars. states that this spine is wanting in E. nmmvji, but the 

 type specimen shows it to be distinct, well-developed and simple, l»ut not visible from 

 the side from which Sars took his drawing. All the ' Discovery ' specimens show a 

 well-developed simple preanal spine. 



(•2) Small blunt spine on the outer Jistnl corner of the first joint of tJui antennular 

 peduncle. — This spine is not shown in Sars' figures nor mentioned in his description. 

 It is, however, clearly visil)le in the type in lateral view, liut in dorsal view is quite 

 obscured Ity the numerous seta' arming the liasal joint of the peduncle, which are well 

 preserved and very opaque. The 'Discovery' material conforms to the type in 

 possessing this spine well-developed. 



(3) Terminal .y>ine on the outer miinjin of the indrimal scalr. — Sars mentions this 

 spine in his description as very small, but does not figure it. It is, in fact, not visiltle 

 in his type from the dorsal aspect, owing to its being slightly ventrally deflexed, and 

 the specimen is so well preserved and rigid, that the pressure necessary to place it 

 dorsal surface uppermost for drawing is not sufticieut to straighten out the spine and 

 render it visible in dorsal view. 



(4) Shape of the epimeral plate of the penultimatr s,yment of th>- plam. — Sars l)oth 

 describes and figures the penultimate epimeral plate as acute and triangular, but in the 

 type and the ' Discovery ' material, whereas these plates have substantially the same 

 shape as depicted by Sars, the apex in all is bluntly rounded instead of acutely pointed. 



(5) Spinules on the dor.^al surface of the irlsou. Sars figures and describes three 

 pairs in E. murrayi, but, as a matter of fact, the number is subject to variation, an 

 additional pair anterior to tlic tliree shown by Sars being frequently noticed. In all 



E 



VOL. IV. 



