4 n. XOliRTS -WOLFENDEK. 



Wliilc the iminber of species captured was in each case comparatively small, the 

 imiuUcr (if individuals iu any one haul in the case of the 'Discovery ' was very great. 

 The rule which appears to hold good for tow-netting in the north part of the North 

 Atlantic, viz., that the further north we go the smaller the number of .species, but the 

 immensely increased preponderance of individuals of certain species, certainly holds 

 good as regards the South Polar regions. Immense numbers of the small copepod 

 Ctenocalanus vanus appear in some of the hauls, to the almost entire exclusion of 

 any other species, and in other cases the larger copepod Euchceta aittarctim appears 

 in great preponderance. Cahmus acutus and, to a lesser extent, Calanus propinquus 

 also preponderate largely. Similarly, Jlfctridia (ji'rlacliei appears in most of the 

 captures. 



The collections of the ' Gauss ' provide information which is not given by those of 

 the ' Discovery ' or of the ' Belgica,' namely, that several species which appear 

 in the Southern Polar Sea also occur in the deeper water of the Atlantic Ocean 

 to the northwards of the Antarctic area. But as this properly belongs to the report 

 of the ' Gauss ' collections which I have in hand, I forbear its discussion in 

 this place. 



Two questions arc suggested by Dr. Giesbrecht in his ' Belgica ' report, viz.,{l) 

 Does the Antarctic area possess a peculiar fauna ? (2) Is the small agreement of the 

 Antarctic copepod fauna with that of the nearest seas due to defective research, or is it 

 that the area of the pack-ice has its own peculiar fauna ? and the further questions as 

 to whether the admixture of Polar and Antarctic fauna occurs in the deep ocean, or 

 whether there are physical and biogenetic conditions in the Polar regions which differ 

 from those in the warm seas and prevent such exchange of species, receive some 

 elucidation from the collections of the ' Gauss.' 



With regard to the first question, viz.. Does the Antarctic area possess its own 

 peculiar fauna ? it must be remarked that from the results of the three collections 

 named the typical copepod fauna (pelagic) of this region consists in the following : — - 



Calanus acutuf 

 ,, simillimus 

 ,, ptr^pinquus 



Rhinealanus grandis 



Euchceta antarctica 

 „ austrina 

 „ similis 



Ctenocalanus vanus 



HeterOrrkahdus uustrinus 



Euchirella magna 



Spinocalajius antarcticus 



Metridia gerlachei 



Oncea curvata, similis, J'rigidd, mdopus, 



conifera 

 Scolecithrix glacialis 

 Oithona similis 



„ frigida 

 Gaetanus antarcticus 

 Haloptilus ocellatus 

 Paralabidocera hodgson i 

 Stephus longipes 



,, antarcticum . 

 Ectinosoma antarcticum 

 Microcalanus pusillus 



