1885.] PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345 



ON TURBINELLA PYRUM, LAMARCK, AND ITS DENTITION. 

 By W. II. DAIili. 



Nothing has been known of the soft i^arts of this genus, though Gray* 

 characterized the operculum. Troschel obtained an alcoholic specimen 

 with some difldculty, onlj' to find the soft parts in a state of decay which 

 had left no trace even of the radula.t 



After many eflbrts, extending over more than six years, I recently ob- 

 tained for the National Museum a specimen of the typical form, obtained 

 by Br. J. Wood-Mason at the Andaman Islands some twelve years ago 

 and sent by the India Museum of Calcutta, through his courtesy, to 

 Washington. 



On extracting the soft parts it was found that granular degeneration 

 had progressed to such an extent that nothing could be made out in 

 regard to the viscera or branchiae ; only the tougher parts near the aper- 

 ture of the shell retained their solidity, and these were so contracted 

 that it was necessary to cut them apart to get any idea of the form of 

 the living animal. The operculum was elongate-oval, with the width 

 less than one-third the length. There was a small part of it free from 

 the integument, but less than in that of T. cornigera, which is smaller, 

 more curved, with deeper notches for the columellar plaits on the inner 

 side, with a larger deposit of polished callus on the under side, and al- 

 together heavier and more solid. 



The foot appeared, in its contracted state, to be small for the weight 

 of the shell, rather broad and truncate, with bluntly-rounded corners 

 in front and broadly rounded behind. The two corners were folded 

 toward each other under the base, but the tail was not turned under. 

 The sides of the foot were not ornamented with any appendages, but 

 were smooth, except for numerous projecting granulations irregularly 

 disposed and due to small aggregations of crystals of lime under the 

 skin, as in some Dorididcv. These had considerable areas about them 

 where there were no crystals, and were not marked by any coloration. 

 Similar granulations appeared more sparingly on the mantle margin, 

 which was smooth and plain. The color of the animal was whitish, 

 with black or very dark olive-brown streaks, especially near the mar- 

 gin of the foot. There appeared to be a pedal gland. There was a 

 very deep sinus between the cephalic parts and the upper front edge 

 of the foot. The mantle extended to the end of the canal, and the 

 siphon took its origin at some distance behind the anterior part of the 

 edge of the canal-mantle lining. Both were much contracted. The 

 tentacles, as contracted in the spirits of wine, were disproportionately 



*Mr8. Gray'sMoll., iv, p. 68; Guide, p. 31. 

 t Geb. der Schnecken, ii, p. 84. 



