410 PROCEfc^DIKGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1885. 



for the bird it was not proposed uutil 1852. This will necessitate the 

 adoption of Elliot's Dendragapus, if we consider the Dusky Grouse con- 

 generic with the Spruce Partridge. For the subgenus embracing the 

 latter, a substitute for Ckmoce is necessary, and to avoid too great dis- 

 similarity it may be called Cimachites.* 



THE CHACLACAYO TREPHINED SKULL. 

 By OTIS T. MASOIV. 



In the Journal of the Anthropologicnl Institute of New York for 

 1871-72, Mr. Squier describes a skull which Avas taken from an luca 

 cemetery in the valley ot the Yucay, within 1 mile of the Baths of the 

 lucas. This skull is figured also in Mr. Squier's "Incidents of travel 

 and exploration in the land of the Incas." t It has a squaie perforation 

 on the left frontal prominence, made by the intersection of four furrows, 

 cut probably with a t^tone implement. "In 1875, Mr. Henry Gilman, 

 of Detroit, published in the American iS[aturalist| a description of ten 

 or fifteen skulls obtained from mounds on Sable River, Lake Huron, 

 and two fragments from Grape Mound, Rouge River, Michigan." Each 

 of these skulls was perforated at the vertex, evidently done by boring 

 with a rude, probably stone instrument, varying in size (in some in- 

 stances having a diameter one-third of an inch ; in others of one-half an 

 inch, and flaring at the surface). § 



In August, 1873, M. Pnmieres made a communication, at the Lyons 

 meeting of the French Association for the Advancement of Science, on 

 cranial amulets.|| These amulets are roundish pieces of the human 

 skull, some of them evidently taken out long enough before the death 

 of the individual to allow a certain degree of healing. 



In 1877 Dr. Paul Broca published an article in the Revue d'Anthro- 

 I)ologie on the trephining of the skull and cranial amulets in the Neo- 

 lithic period.^ Between 1877 and 1882 several scattered communications 

 were made upon the same subject before different societies in Europe. 

 Dr. Robert Fletcher, of Washington, from whom most of this historical 

 matter is taken, published in the fifth volume of Major Powell's Con 



*Deriv., -navax^^i to be noisy. Type, Tctrao canadensis Llun. 



t Peru. Incideuts of travel and exploration in the land of the Incas. By E. George 

 Squier. New York. Harper's, 1877, p. 456 ; Appendix A, 577-580. 



t American Naturalist, Salem, 1875, IX, 73. 



§ Fletcher. " Prehistoric Trephining,'" "24 ; also Proceedings Am. Assoc, 24th meet- 

 ing, pp. ;U6-331, and ibid., Nashville meeting, 1877, 335-339, both quoted by Dr. 

 Fletcher. See also Holbrook in American Naturalist, 1877, XI, 688. 



II Association Frangaise pour I'Avancement des Sciences. Compte rendu 2™^ session. 

 Lyon, 1873; Paris, 1874 ; p. 703. Also Bull. Soc. d'Antbrop. do Paris, 1874, 2 s., IX, 

 185-205. 



H Snr la trepanation dn crane, et les auiulettes cranien,nes a Fepotpie n6olithique, 

 par Paul Broca. Paris, 1877; also, Rev. d'Antbrop., Paris, 1877, VI, 1-42, 193-225; 

 also, Cougrfes d'Antbrop. et d'Arch^ol. prehist., Buda-Pesth, 1876, 101-192. 



