454 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1B85. 



VALLEYS. 



In all valleys, where there is auy arboreal vegetation at all, are found 

 Mezquit and Hackberry of various dimensions. The other timber of 

 valleys and the peculiarities of their flora will be noticed under the 

 heading of their respective streams. In this place I shall only consider 

 those general features which belong to all or most of them. 



In the water of many creeks float the leaves of Nuphar advena (Yel- 

 low Pond-Lily) ; Hydrocotyle interrupta, umbellata and proUfera (Water 

 Pennyworts); Cahomba Caroliniana; several species of Potamogeton ; 

 Jussiwa rep€7iSj from San Antonio eastward and northward. 



Commonly growing in water, but more or less erect, are : Nasturtium 

 officinale (Water-Cress), widely introduced; Sagittaria variabilis and 

 lancifolia (Arrow-heads) ; iSamolus Valerandi and ebracteatus (Water 

 Pimpernels) ; Cicuta maculata (Water Herr.lock) ; Berula angustifolia 

 (Water Parsnip) ; Mimulus luteus and Jamesii ( Monkey- flowers) ; Her- 

 pestis Monniera ; Diantliera Americana ; Ludwigia palustris and natans ; 

 Lythrum alatum. 



On the immediate shore, near the water's edge, are frequently seen: 

 Lobelia cardinalis and splendens (Cardinal-flowers), Erythrcea calycosa, 

 Eustoma Russellianum, Epilobium coloratum, Oenothera biennis and 

 Jamesii (Evening Primroses), Polygonum acre and hydropiperoides 

 (Knotweeds), Marsilia vestita and macropoda, Ammania auriculata, Va- 

 leriannella stenocarpa, Erigeron PhiladelpJiicus, the last three hardly 

 extending west of San Antonio, and the following grasses : Arundo 

 Donax (Cane-Grass), Phraqmites communis (Wild Broom-Corn), Panicum 

 virgatum and crus-galli, Zizania miliacea (Indian Kice), Uniola latifolia 

 (Spike-Grass), Andropogon macrnrus, Agrostis verticillata, Brizopyrum 

 spicatum. 



Of shrubs we find- 

 On river shores or the dry bed of water-courses, commonly : G&pha- 

 lanthus occidentaUs (Button-bush), one of the most widespread of 

 shrubs; Baccharis angustifolia and cwrulescens (Groundsel-shrubs), Plu- 

 chea borealis (Arrow- wood), Hymenoclea monogyra, Aster spinosus ; less 

 frequently : Ilex decidua (Holly), east of Devil's River ; Cercis reni- 

 formis (Western Eed-bud), Cornus Drummondii (Texas Dogwood), east 

 of Devil's River; Bhamnus Carolinianus (Akler-Buckthorn), east of 

 Devil's River ; KarwinsTiia. Humboldtiana, west of Devil's River ; Amor- 

 pha fruticosa (False Indigo), Bubus trivialis (Low Blackberry). 



In dry mountain arroyos : Unguadia speciosa (Mexican Buckeye), Leu- 

 ca'na retusa, Chilopsis saligna (Desert Willow), Juglans rupestris (Nogal), 

 the latter often of arboreal size. 



In the shade of rocks along water-courses, west of Devil's River, are 

 frequently seen two handsome shrubs, Fallugia ])aradoxa with feathery 

 fruit, and Tecoma stans with golden, bell-shaped flowers. 



