506 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1885. 



JUGLANDACEiE. 



Carya olivaeformis, Nutt. (Pecan, 'the Niiez of the border Mexicans.) 



Fringes the San Antonio, Medina and Nueces Rivers, many of their 

 branches, and, more sparsely, other water-courses as far as Devil's Kiver 

 and Fort Concho, its western limit. Large and handsome tree, valuable 

 alike for its hard, compact wood and its excellent fruit which forms an 

 important article of trade. 



No hickory was seen south of Austin. 



Juglans nigra, L. (Black Walnut. ) 



Sparingly found at San Antonio as a medium-sized tree; does not 

 extend westward. This tree could advantageously be introduced in 

 many valleys. 



Juglans rupestris, Eugelm. (Canon Nogal.) 



Small tree, hardly ever a foot in diameter, very common in all the 

 mountain arroyos of Western Texas. 



Wood of a rich purple-brown, very hard, heavy and compact, not 

 ■warping in drying. Medullary rays very close, giving a peculiarly fine 

 appearance of silver-grain to a longitudinal section. 



URTICACE-aS. 



Ulmus Americana, L. (American Elm.) 



On the Colorado River at Austin, and upward to a i)oint 75 miles 

 below the crossing of the Texas Pacific Railroad; from this river it 

 ascends the Kio Concho up to Fort Concho. On the Texas Pacific 

 Railroad it only extends to Elm Creek, a few miles west of Abilene. 



Large tree on the Middle Colorado, but becoming smaller and of lit- 

 tle economic value west of Austin. 



Ulmus crassifolia, Nutt. (Water Elm ; Small-leaved Elm.) 



Much more common than the preceding ; abounds on the San Anto- 

 nio, Medina, Nueces, and other rivers as far as the Pecos. Middle-sized 

 tree, 1 to 2 feet in diameter. Wood tough but not hard, making infe- 

 rior lumber and poor fuel. 



Celtis occidentalis, L. (Hackberry ; Palo Blanco.) 



The most common tree of valleys and low grounds in Southern and 

 Western Texas. At San Antonio and westward, the straight, short trunk 

 ranges from Cto24inchesin diameter; on the Lower Rio Grande it reaches 

 greater proportions, being often 20 feet long and 2 to 3 feet in diameter, 

 the total height of the tree being 50 or more feet. Wood close-grained 

 and tough, but not very durable ; makes i^oor fuel. The fruit is a yel- 

 lowish-red berry, as large as a pea, with sweet, edible pulp. 



This species passes through intermediate forms into the variety reticu- 

 lata, which is very common throughout Western Texas. 



