192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 104 



in depth. Similarly, in the sandy areas of Kansas, Knaus (1926, p. 

 264) found occasional specimens in perpendicular, 8- to 12-inch 

 burrows. 



Two miles from Sylvia, Kans., Warren (1917, p. 413) made the 

 following observations on fossatus: 



The first impression at sight of the burrow of this species is as though a car- 

 penter had used a half inch auger and left the chips around the hole. . . . The 

 use of a spade a number of times failing in results, a dry weed stalk was pushed 

 down the pit and the sand dug away on one side within two inches of the stem or 

 hole and the rest carefully removed with the fingers, when the beetle would be 

 found at the bottom, sometimes both sexes being present, at other times either 

 singly. The well would be perfectly straight and about 14 inches deep. The 

 species is not scattered but usually restricted to small areas in apparent colonies. 

 A strong light placed on the sand near the burrows yielded from three to five 

 specimens per evening. 



Bradycinetulus fossatus has been collected in Arkansas, Kansas, 

 Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. 



Bradycinetulus ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) 



Scarabaeus ferrugineus Palisot de Beauvois, 1809, p. 90. 



Athyreus ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) Klug, 1845, p. 22. — Boucomont, 

 1902, p. 8. 



Bolboceras ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) Lacordaire, 1856, p. 143. — Bouco- 

 mont, 1911, p. 241. 



Amechanus ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) Horn, 1870, p. 48. 



Bradycinetus ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) Horn, 1885, p. 89. — Schaeffer, 

 1906, p. 250. 



Bradycinetulus ferrugineus (Palisot de Beauvois) Cockerell, 1906, p. 242. — 

 Cartwright, 1953, p. 102. 



Bolboceras lecontei Dejean, 1833, p. 149. 



Bradycinetulus ferrugineus, the only East Coast representative 

 of this genus, is found in the inland sandy areas from Florida to 

 North Carolina. Because of its seeming rarity, there is a paucity of 

 knowledge concerning the biology of this insect. The reason for this 

 lack became evident after I spent many weekends over a period 

 of three years attempting unsuccessfully to learn something of the 

 biology of the immature stages of this species. The only data obtained 

 from this work were the times and places where the larvae were not 

 found. It is hoped that the present meager information may possibly 

 be of some aid or stimulation to some investigator in the future. 



For me, the most easily accessible area where ferrugineus was 

 known to occur was in the sand hills around Southern Pines, N. C. 

 There Manee (1908b, pp. 459-460) had recorded finding the beetle 

 from June through August. He mentioned that when he found a 

 pair at work the burrow was closed, and when they were burrowing 

 singly the burrow was open. In his notes he stated that the beetles 



