SCARAB BEETLE GENUS PSAMMODIUS — CARTWRIGHT 415 



Munich; Frederico Lane and Ernest X. RaboUo, Departmento de 

 Zoologia, Sao Paulo; Rene Malaise, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, 

 Stockhobn; R. H. Beamer, Snow Museum, University of Kansas; 

 M. A. Cazier, American Museum of Natural History; P. J. Darlington, 

 Jr., Museum of Comparative Zoology; Henry Dietrich, Cornell Uni- 

 versity; L. S. Dillon, Reading Public Museum; Ray T. Everly, 

 Pm-due University; T. H. Hubbell, University of Michigan; P. W. 

 Fattig, Emor}^ University; P. D. Hurd, University of California; 

 J. N. Knull, Ohio State University; L. M. Martin, Los Angeles 

 County Museum; James A. G. Rehn, Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 Philadelphia; H. J. Reinhard, Texas A. & M. College; E. S. Ross and 

 Hugh B. Leech, California Academy of Sciences; V. D. Roth, Oregon 

 State College; M. W. Sanderson, Illinois State Natural History 

 Survey; G. E, Wallace, Carnegie Museum; and R. L. Wenzel, Chicago 

 Natural History Museum. My thanks too to all who loaned speci- 

 mens from their private collections: O. Bryant, C. A. Frost, J. W. 

 Green, Henry Howden, Borys Malkin, Antonio Martinez, A. T. 

 McClay, G. H. Nelson, F. H. Parker, P. O. Ritcher, Mark Robinson, 

 Joe Schuh, and Floyd G. Werner. I am especially indebted to Dr. 

 P. J. Darlington, Jr., for suggestions regarding exact measurements 

 and for rechecking for me the type of P. blandus (Fall), and to Dr. 

 E. B. Britton for assistance with locality data for the British Museum 

 specimens. To Antonio Martinez I am greatly indebted and espe- 

 cially grateful for the loan of many fine specimens and for his permis- 

 sion to describe several of the species from South America. 



Psammodius Fallen 



Psammodius Fallen, Observationes Entomologicae, fasc. 3, p. 37, 1807. — Gyllen- 

 hal, Insecta Svecica . . . , Coleoptera, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 6, 1808. — Curtis, British 

 entomology, vol. 6, No. 258, 1829. — Heer, Fauna coleopterorum helvetica, 

 vol. 1, fasc. 3, p. 532, 1841.— Chapin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 89, p. 9, 

 1940. 



Psammobius Heer, Fauna coleopterorum helvetica, vol. 1, fasc. 3, p. 531, 1841. — 

 Schmidt, Coleoptera, Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich (Deutsche Zoologische 

 Gesellschaft), pt. 45, p. 469, 1922. 

 Genotype: Aphodius sulcicollis Illiger (by subsequent designation 

 Df Curtis, 1829). As recorded by Chapin, 1940, this genus, usually 

 credited to Gyllenhal, 1808, was originally proposed by Fallen in the 

 previous year. The species originally included were seven in number: 

 Scarabaeus arenarius Paykull, Aphodius globosus Illiger, A. elevatus 

 Fallen, A. sabuleti Fallen, A. porcatus Fallen, A. asper Fallen, and 

 A. sulcicollis Illiger. Curtis, 1829, choosing to preserve the name 

 Psammodius free of conflict with Aegialia Latreille, 1807, selected the 

 last species, A. sulcicollis Illiger, as type. His action was permissible 

 under the International Rules and must be accepted. 



A combination of characters separates the species of the genus 

 Psammodius from those of closely aUied genera. In Psammodius the 



