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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Family Alcidae 



Ligamentum botalli may be present, but more frequently is absent 

 or reduced ; vertebrals and superficial cervicals usually have a common 

 root, but this is somewhat variable; the left common carotid generally 

 sends off an accessory oesophageal artery. 



Except for two species (noted below), the alcids are bicarotid (A-1). 



Species studied 



By Garrod 



Ardica alle=Plautus alle (Linn6) 



(B-4-s) 

 Alca torda Linn6 

 Uria troile= Uria aalge aalge (Pontop- 



pidan) 



By Glenny 



Alca torda Linne 



Uria lomvia arra (Pallas) 



Uria aalge inornata Salomonsen 



Cepphus grylle (Linne) 



Cepphus columba Pallas 

 Synthliboramphus antiqxius (Gmelin) 



(2) (A-1) 

 Synthliboramphus antiquus (Gmelin) 



(5) (B-4-S) 

 Synthliboramphus wumizusume (Tem- 



minck) (2) (A-1) 

 Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Pallas) (3) 

 Aethia crislalella (Pallas) 

 Aethia pusilla (Pallas) 

 Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin) 

 Lunda cirrhata (Pallas) 



Order COLUMBIFORMES 



Carotids A-1; type 1 thoracic artery; type A and type D coracoid 

 artery — one, two, or rarely three pairs of coracoid arteries may be 

 present; ligamentum aortae present, but may be reduced in size (not 

 observed in a single specimen of Syrrhaptes paradoxus) ; ligamentum 

 botalli usually absent, but when present it may be reduced to a thin 

 ligament, ligamentous button, or a linea botalli; there is considerable 

 variation in the arrangement of the vertebral and superficial cervical 

 arteries — there being no uniformity in the members of this order or 

 within a single species, insofar as the present study can ascertain; 

 an accessor}^ oesophageal arteiy arises as a branch of the left common 

 carotid or one of the superficial cervical arteries and primarily supplies 

 the crop. There is considerable variation in the cervical arteries in 

 the Columbidae. 



References: Beddard, 1898; Bhadiu-i, 1939; Bhaduri and Biswas, 

 1954; Gadow, 1891; Garrod, 1873; Glenny, 1940b, 1941a; Glenny 

 and Amadou, 1955; Mathew, 1944; Subhapradha, 1944. 



Family Pteroclidae 



Ligamentum botaUi absent; type A coracoid artery in Pterocles sp. 

 and type D coracoid artery observed in Syrrhaptes paradoxus. 



Species studied 



By Garrod 



Pterocles arenarius — Pterocles orientalis 



(Lmn€) 

 Pterocles alchata (Liun6) 



By Glenny 



Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas) 

 Pterocles sp. 



