AORTIC ARCHES OF BIRDS — GLENNY 



595 



Campethera permista (Reichenow) 

 Celeus flavescens kerri Hargitt 

 Celeus flavus (P. L. S. Miiller) 

 Picus canus zimmermanni Reichenow 

 Picus canus dedemi (van Oort) 

 Dinopium benghalense eryihronothon 



(Vieillot) 

 Dryocopus javensis parvus (Richmond) 

 Dryocopus pileatus (Linn6) 

 Asyndesmus lewis (G. R. Gray) 

 Melanerpes hypopolius uropygialis 



(Baird) 

 Melanerpes carolinus (Linn6) (2) 

 Melanerpes superciliaris (Temminck) 

 Melanerpes striatus (P. L. S. Miiller) 

 Melanerpes pucherani (Malherbe) 

 Melanerpes rubricapilluslterricolor (Ber- 



lepsch) 

 Melanerpes cruentatus (Boddaert) 

 Leuconerpes candidus (Otto) 

 Sphyrapicus varius rxiber (Gmelin) 

 Sphyrapicus varius (Linn6) 



Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin) 

 Trichopicus cactorum (d'Orbigny) 

 Veniliornis spilogaster (Wagler) 

 Veniliornis passerinus olivinus (Nat- 



terer and Malherbe) 

 Veniliornis frontalis (Cabanis) 

 Veniliornis kirkii cecilii (Malherbe) 

 Dendrocopos villosus villosus (Linn^) (3) 

 Dendrocopos villosus audubonii (Swain- 

 son) 

 Dendrocopos pubescens medianus (Swain- 

 son) (3) 

 Dendrocopos borealis (Vieillot) (2) 

 Pico'ides tridactylus dorsalis Baird 

 Pico'ides arcticus (Swainson) 

 Xiphidiopicus percussus (Temminck) 

 Phloeoceastes melanoleucos malherbii 



(G. R. Gray) 

 Phloeoceastes melanoleucos (Gmelin) 

 Phloeoceastes leucopogon (Valenciennes) 



(3) 

 Campephilus principalis (Linn6) 



Order PASSERIFORMES 



Carotids B-4-s except for Orthonyx, which is said (Beddard, 1898) 

 to be B-5-s; coracoid artery varies, but is usually type A; thoracic 

 artery varies, but type 3 and type 4 are the most common ;ligamen turn 

 aortae is present in most of the families, but this is somewhat varia- 

 able and may not be detected due, perhaps, to the amount or level of 

 atrophy; ligamentum botalli usually absent or reduced to a linea 

 botalli; vertebrals and superficial cervicals vary in points of origin 

 from the common carotids; an accessory oesophageal artery arises as 

 a branch of the common carotid or one of the cervical arteries of the 

 left side, when present. 



It is difficult to determine the presence of the latter vessel in speci- 

 mens that have been preserved for some time and as a result may be 

 overlooked. 



References: Bauer, 1825; Beddard, 1898; Biswas, 1946; Garrod, 

 1873; Glenny, 1940a, 1942a, 1944f, 1945a, 1945f, 1951b; Meckel, 1826; 

 Stresemann, 1927-1934. 



Family Eurylaimidae 

 No information available. 



Family Dendrocolaptidae 



Type A coracoid artery; type 3 thoracic artery; ligamentum aortae 

 present but reduced ; vertebrals and superficial cervicals usually have 

 a common root. 



