AORTIC ARCHES OF BIRDS — GLENTSTY 601 



arise separately or from a short common root from the common 

 carotid arteries ; ascending oesophageal artery arises as a branch of the 

 right common carotid artery. 



Species studied 



By Glenny 

 Sitta caroUnensis Latham (2) 



By Garrod 

 Sitta europaea Linn6 



Family Hyposittidae 



No information available. 



Family Certhiidae 



Type A coracoid artery ; types 3 and 4 thoracic artery ; ligamentum 

 aortae much reduced; vertebrals and superficial cervicals arise sepa- 

 rately or from a short common root from the common carotids; 

 ascending oesophageal artery arises as a branch of the right common 

 carotid artery. 



Species studied 



By Glenny 



Certhia familiaris americana (Bonaparte) 



Families Chamaeidae and Timaliidae 



No information available. 



Family Pycnonotidae 



Type A coracoid artery; type 3 thoracic artery; ligamentum aortae 

 not observed; vertebrals arise separately from superficial cervicals or 

 from a short root from the common carotids; ascending oesophageal 

 artery arises as a branch of the right common carotid artery. 



Species studied 

 By Glenny 

 Aegithina tiphia zelonica (Gmelin) I Chlorocichla flaviventris (Smith) 



Family Cinclidae 



No details available. 



Species studied 



By Garrod 



Cinclus aquaticus^ Cinclus cinclus aquaticus Bechstein 



Family Troglodytidae 



Type A coracoid artery; types 3 or 4 thoracic artery; ligamentum 

 aortae greatly reduced or lacking; vertebrals and superficial cervicals 



