158 H. P. STEENSBY. 
than one possibility immediately presents itself. Storm placed Mark- 
land in Newfoundland, which did not win unanimous applause, and 
— as will be seen from the following — certainly is incorrect. Other 
authors have placed Markland on the continental side of the Strait of 
Belle Isle or on the coast of Labrador from where the northern limit 
of the forest about Hamilton Inlet approaches the sea, and further 
south. The Canadian author, Howley}, is of the opinion that Mark- 
land must be sought on the little group of islands, Magdalen Islands, 
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; but the accounts which lead him to this sup- 
position are but slightly valid. 
If the authors are uncertain with regard to the position of Mark- 
land they are much more so with regard to Wineland itself, and the 
other localities in the Saga, such as Furdustrands, Kjalarnes and H6p. 
Gustav Storm’s theory is the one that still has most adherents, and 
tends to search for Wineland in Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton Island. 
Storm’s determination was fairly detailed. “Wineland’s northern point 
Kjalarnes was Cape Breton itself; the long sandy beaches on the east 
coast, to the south of Kjalarnes (“the Furdustrands”) are the eastern 
coast of Cape Breton Island, which is described just as low and sandy. 
The fjord the Norsemen sailed into after the land was “fjord cut” 
(Straumfjord) can be one of the fjords or bays in Nova Scotia’s most 
north-easterly county Guysborough, perhaps Canso Bay itself, or one 
of the following ones. The mouth of the river must be sought much 
further south in Nova Scotia, where Karlsefni tried to settle his colony 
(“Нбр”); it is difficult to choose between the mouths of the rivers 
on this coast, as the description in the saga corresponds to several of 
them.’ 
Strong objections can be raised against this theory, and by degrees 
it has become undermined to such an extent by doubt and criticism 
that a more thorough objection is not needed. That Storm had so 
many fjords and rivers to choose between highly inspires distrust; as 
Straumfjord and Höp are really a couple of localities so well described 
in the saga that it ought, through a proper solution of the problem, 
to be able to fix them with rigid accuracy. Add to this, if there had 
not been a question of a conspicuous fjord and a fairly conspicuous 
“Höp”, one would not think that both of them could be refound com- 
paratively easily by Karlsefni. Nor can the reference of Furdustrands to 
the east coast of Cape Breton Island carry conviction, either with re- 
gard to the nature of the coast or with regard to its extension. Add 
to this that Storm does not seem to have attached particular importance 
to the question of how far the description of the route given in the saga 
really leads to Nova Scotia. 
1M. Е. Howrey: Vinland vindicated. Transactions of the Roy. Soc. of Canada, 
Vol. IV. Ottawa 1898. 
2 Gustav Storm: |. с. р. 334. 
