184 H. P. STEENSBY. 
to believe that the eastern shore of the St. Lawrence should have been 
more unfavourable circumstanced as regards climate and the geogra- 
phical distribution of plants than the Isle d’Orleans. One has more 
reason to suppose the contrary, analogously with the east-side of the 
river, on the whole, now being known to be the most favoured.! We 
dare, therefore, calmly assert that, in the regions near Höp, grapes must 
have grown in suitable places, and that the Norsemen were quite as 
justified in calling this region Wineland as Cartier was in naming Isle 
d’Orleans after Bacchus. It is very droll that exactly the same idea 
has inspired Leif as well as Cartier in the choice of the two names. 
It can further be stated, that at any rate the vines here were close 
to their northern limit. This is to be inferred for instance, from the mixed 
vegetation of foliferous trees and coniferous trees which prevails in the 
most south-westerly part of New Brunswick and in southern Canada, 
as well as in the northern U.S. A.; in the St. Lawrence valley having its 
northern limit a little north of Isle d’Orleans on the east side of the river, 
and a little south of the island on the west side. If, therefore, one proceeds 
northwards from the region round St. Thomas one comes to the pron- 
ounced Canadian conifer forest, which girdles Canada from Nova Scotia 
and the region near the Strait of Belle Isle. Conversely the Norsemen 
on their voyage from Straumey to Нбр must have passed the vines’ 
northern limit of distribution.? 
Let us briefly sum up our reflections on the position of Hép and Wi- 
neland. The accounts of the saga coupled with geographical reflections 
led us to assume that Karlsefni travelled southwards along the eastern 
shore of the St. Lawrence River from Hare Island.? Down in the south- 
ern part of the fjordlike estuary we find a locality which in all respects 
agrees with the sagas description of Höp. The congruity is so many- 
sided that we certainly dare assume that the same combination of geogra- 
phic traits hardly can be expected to appear anywhere else, and we 
find it exactly in the place to which all our other considerations led us. 
At St. Thomas we have exactly the required “combination of a 
hop with еугаг.” We have the big grounds which run dry, so that one 
1 cf. Map of “Life zones of the U. S.” and Southern Canada, by С. H. Merriam, 
The geographical distribution of animals and plants in North America. Year 
book of the U.S. Departement of Agriculture 1894. 
? The specimen of wood, Masur, which Leif brought home from Wineland 
ought also to be mentioned. I will, meanwhile, only draw attention to the 
fact that both the Kano-birch and several species of Acer appear in the 
region in question. I will, however, not take a closer standpoint as to which 
of these species of wood was probably meant. Cf. A. Leroy Andrews, Philo- 
logical Aspects of the “Plants of Wineland the Good.” ‘“‘Rhodora” Vol. 16. 
Boston 1913, p. 33—34. 
Perhaps it will be of some interest if I point out that this particular view 
also coincides with the consecutive order in which I made things clear to my- 
self. 1 first found Furdustrands, then Straumfiord and Straumey, and fin- 
ally Нор. 
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