Norsemen’s route from Greenland to Wineland. 195 
polation which do not concern one another, and that it is this confusion 
which is the cause of the obscurity. In any case it seems to me that 
three elements can be pointed out, even if it may be difficult and per- 
haps quite impossible to separate them from one another accurately. 
These three elements are : 
1. The account of Karlsefni’s voyage northwards to search for. Thorhal 
the hunter. Apparently this account embodies the whole interpolation, 
with the exception of the first little part about Нбр; but after all 
there are not many words which really bear upon this voyage. The 
most are a mixture from the two following elements. 
2. According to my conjecture the account of the voyage to Hép does 
not end at the first little fragment. It is continued and weaves itself 
into what follows in a manner fatal to the sense. The remark about 
their being “carried on to the west with the wind on their left side. 
There were deserted forests everywhere, . . .”. in reality concerns the 
voyage to Höp along the eastern bank of the St. Lawrence Estuary. 
The river which “ran from east to west,” and in the mouth of which 
they lay to at the southern bank, is the river at Höp. And it is from 
here that they travelled away northwards. 
3. Finally I consider the fabulous account of the uniped as the third 
intermingled element, about which Storm has already expressed the 
supposition that it had been intermixed at a later period from the 
literary legends.2 Possibly the element might have a somewhat other 
origin, which will be indicated below. 
I cannot give an opinion as to when the confusion took place. I 
will only point out that my theory gives a likely reason for most of the 
apparent irrelevancies and obscurities in the interpolation. A great 
many points still remain obscure, but it seems as if most of them concern 
Karlsefni’s voyage in search of Thorhal the hunter. With regard to 
this voyage, I will call to mind that it falls in with the thread of the saga’s 
former remark about Karlsefni wishing to investigate the country both 
to the south and to the north of Straumey. As he then had already 
found Wineland to the south, it is possible that his eagerness to investi- 
1 I cannot omit to point out that, according to Grenlendingapattr, THORVALD 
Errixssox was killed inside a fjord, numbers of hostile Skrælings appearing 
from the interior of the fjord. Also, according to this source of information 
he was killed by an arrow, which meanwhile was not discharged by a fabu- 
lous uniped but, on the contrary, by one of the attacking Skrælings. Ac- 
cording to Grenlendingapattr, Thorvald was buried on the promontory, which 
seemed to him the best place to settle on, and it was called Krossanes after 
the cross raised there. There is something suggestive of this Krossanes being 
a place near Hop. 
Storm, р. 317 points out that, “unipedes maritimi” are to be found on Clau- 
dius Clavus’ map of the North from the year 1427, where they are placed 
in Greenland. 
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