Norsemen’s route from Greenland to Wineland, 199 
Consequently I have finished this geographical investigation by 
which I aimed at fixing the localities mentioned in Erie’s Saga as situated 
on the route from Greenland to Wineland. As the voyage to Wineland 
has been performed by more than one expedition of Norsemen, we really 
have cause to mention the way as a route or course. 
I determined this route as a real coast course. The waters which 
were to be crossed were situated on the first part of the route. In that 
respect there is just a parallel to the route from Iceland to the settlements 
in Greenland. From Iceland, Denmark Strait was crossed to the east 
coast of Greenland, og then the coast was followed to the south and 
round Cape Farewell. On the Wineland route the Norsemen first crossed 
Davis Strait to the coast of Labrador, which afterwards was to be fol- 
lowed. 
And then I showed that it is just along the coast of Labrador and 
its continuation into the Estuary of the St. Lawrence that we find all 
the ancient lands and localities from Helluland to Wineland. In conclusion 
I shall give a short summary of these places: 
Helluland was the north-eastern coast of Labrador north of the forest 
limit; that will practically say north of the Strait of Belle Isle. 
Markland (“wood land’’) was the coast of Labrador just from the begin- 
ning of the forest vegetation about the Strait of Belle Isle. Most 
likely we can consider Markland to have been the stretch of coast 
from here till the tract at Cape Whittle, as from this tract a new 
appellation seems to make its appearance. 
Bjarney (“bear island”) was Newfoundland, or more properly the northern 
peninsula of Newfoundland. 
Furdustrands is the south coast of Labrador. I presume that we have 
to consider the Furdustrands as beginning west of Cape Whittle 
and as continuing thereafter into the Gulf of St. Lawrence till the 
outlet of the Saguenay River. But that is not all: this beach, or 
more properly these stretches of beach must originally — that means 
until their wintering at Straumey and their investigations from 
that point — have been considered by the Norsemen as continuing 
their course in an unknown direction past the point where the 
Saguenay and the St. Lawrence join. These two “fjords” must 
both have been considered as indentations on the Furdustrands, 
which until now had shown a regular or rather unindented course. 
Kjalarnes (“keel ness”) must have been some projecting point on the 
ancient Furdustrands. 1 would rather consider it to have been a 
point in the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Saguenay, for ex- 
ample Point Vaches. Possibly a visit to the spot would give a more 
definite impression as to the probability of Point Vaches being the 
ancient Kjalarnes. 
LVI. 14 
