Norsemen’s route from Greenland to Wineland. 201 
Straumfjord (“current fjord”) was the Estuary of the St. Lawrence from 
the mouth of the Saguenay and the opposite Green Island to the 
narrow waters about the present Isle d’Orleans. 
Straumey (“current island”) was the present Hare Island. 
H6p was the small basin formed by the mouth of Rivière du Sud at the 
present town St. Thomas or Montmagny. 
Wineland (Vinland) in a more especial sense was the tract about St. 
Thomas, but in a wider sense we can determine Wineland as having 
been the St. Lawrence valley, where foliferous trees and bushes 
like the vine advance extraordinarily towards the north. 
Krossanes were perhaps to be found somewhere in the neighbourhood 
of Hép. If such a Krossanes ever has been in existence at all. 
The point or ness with the many deer was probably Orignaux Point. 
The reason as to why this coasting route from Greenland to Wineland 
so soon fell out of use, or more properly why it never got any importance, 
is not difficult to point out. We only know with certainty of two voyages 
to Wineland, but probably still more than these have been undertaken. 
The initiative, however, very soon died out from necessity, as the voyage 
to Wineland was a long and dangerous one; as the Norsemen met with 
rather vigorous opposition on the part of the warlike natives; as the 
starting point and direct base for the voyages was the two small settle- 
ments in Greenland, which themselves led a deteriorating existence; and 
finally as the direct mother country of the Greenland settlements, or 
Iceland itself, soon lost its original power, while the great Scandinavian 
homeland was too far away. | 
For these, and perhaps for other reasons, the route to Wineland by 
degrees lapsed from memory, and was never found again. It did not 
happen here, as has been seen not seldom in the history of geographic 
discoveries, that a locality had been discovered, passed into oblivion 
and more lately been rediscovered. Certainly, the American countries 
of the Norsemen were rediscovered in the age of the socalled great dis- 
coveries, but this rediscovery did not take place by a resumption of the 
coasting from the northern or Greenland regions. It took place by voy- 
ages of discovery right across the ocean, in the way that such voy- 
ages were initiated by Columbus in 1492. 
These discoverers Caboto, Cortereal, Cartier and others hardly 
knew anything at all about the ancient Greenland and Wineland voyages 
of the Norsemen, and even if they had heard about Helluland, Mark- 
land and Wineland (Vinland) it hardly could have entered their heads 
to identify those ancient names with their own new discoveries. By 
their oceanic navigation and their cartographic survey of the lands, 
or rather of the coasts, they initiated a quite new and different view, 
from which our own modern conception has developed. 
14* 
