202 H. P. Steensspy: Norsemen’s route from Greenland to Wineland. 
Hence also, it has been to such a degree difficult for us nowadays 
to enter into the ideas and standpoint of the old Greenlandic or Icelandic 
seamen that, until now, no one has succeeded in identifying the ancient 
route to Wineland, except for one or two of the first links in the chain. 
Thus, hardly anyone has been in real doubt that Helluland was Labrador, 
and that Markland was to be found in the adjacent regions where the 
forest begins. But the continuation to Wineland was shrouded in darkness, 
as students have been dominated by our habitual cartographic concep- 
tion of land and sea in these countries, without trying to realize how 
completely the ancient Norsemen lacked such a cartographic conception, 
and how this lack influenced their account in the saga. 
