24 



F. L. Ekman, 



cold, whereas that of the superficial stream was very inuddy, a further 

 proof that the under-current continually received fresh supplies from 

 the fjord. 



The ta1)le also shows, that the saltness of the surface-stream 

 during the whole course gradually and continuously increases, and from 

 this we may infer, that the under-current does not suddenly invert its 

 direction at the place, where the reduced depth of the river renders its 

 further progress too difficult, but that it gradually during its whole course 

 imparts portions of its mass to the upper-stream, as when from a mani- 

 fold bundle of clotli one rolls oft' one layer after another. The lowest 

 stratum, which has been least exposed to the influence of the upper- 

 current, arrives with almost undiminished saltness at the terminus of its 

 course. The upper-current's reaction on the subjacent water must be 

 greatest, where its velocity is greatest, and accordingly we find, that the 

 greatest increase in the upper-current's saltness during a certain distance 

 takes place between 7000 and 11000 f. from the mouth, just where the 

 bed of the river is narrowed from about 1300 to 650 f., but is widened 

 again afterwards. After passing the mouth the saltness of course in- 

 creases with greater rapidity, owing to the unrestrained afflux of sea-water. 



The upper-current in its progress increases not only in saltness, 

 but in mass of water. The following calculation, based upon the amount 

 of chlorium contained in the waters, shows how much the samples taken 

 contained of such sea-water, as is met with 3000 feet above the mouth 

 of the river at the bottom. The table thus indicates the least possihli- 

 increase of volume, received by the superficial current by mixing with 

 the seawater, as also the dilation of the under-current: 



We thus see that 100 volumes of river water, at a distance of 

 3000 f. from the mouth, have increased their volume to at least 135, as 

 the surface water carried with it 36.U7 "/o ^^ sea-water. In the fjord 



