Some runic stones. 45' 



phonological school, that if / had proposed it, I should have been ex- 

 communicated at once, as I have so often been for many such things, 

 now silently »annext» and admitted and used as true linguistic facts. I 

 myself have repeatedly pointed out the many floating dialectic sounds, 

 the frecpient slurrings of the P, and tlie striking interchanges of A and 

 I on our moniniients. 



IF, adv. (Bugge). IF. This word was once, in various forms, 

 quite common in Old-Scandinavian as in English. 



AN, n. s. m. HE, the-tithe-refitser. Bugge takes the word here as 

 AN, but makes it equivalent to IN^ ^EN, yet^ still further. In this I 

 cannot follow him. We have this /iV, but, yet, in 3 other places on this 

 Ring, and it is always IN, never AN. Nothing is a more common di- 

 alectic iisage, old and new, than for H to be added or omitted, and there 

 are hundreds of runic and parchment AN for HAN. We have the same 

 thing reverst in the next word, by Bugge's own showing, HAFSKAKI 

 for AFSKAKI. There can be little doubt therefore that this AN is the 

 frequent AN for HAN, HE., which the sense also requires. 



HAFSKAKI (= AFSKAKI), 3 s. pr. subj. Should-OFF-SHAKE, 

 altoi/ether shake of, entirely refuse. Bugge nuikes this the word here, but 

 looks upon it as standing for AFSKAKKI, which he would translate, 

 tirist., make nne(iual. cut oß or airay, and thus not give so largely as one ouyht. 

 I think the word quite a different one, and the meaning as demanded 

 by the context very much stronger, absolutely refuse, after 3 notices, 3 

 warnings, 3 fines for non-payment. Not to jjay fully, thus deduced from 

 (H)AFSKAKKA, is also terribly forced, and is quite unsupported. But 

 (H)AF-SKAKA to OFF-SHAKE, SHAKE OFF, entirely ignore and get 

 rid of.1 has been a common word and idiom in all our dialects from the 

 beginning, and is so still. 



RIT, ac. s. m. (So Bugge). I had taken it, less correctly, as an 

 adverb. RIGHT., lau-., the just claim of Holy Church. 



FURIÄ, prep. gov. ac. FORE, beFORE., o2)2iosite to., contrary to. 

 This meaning, a Norwegianism, is another of Bugge's »happy inspirations». 



SUA (SUAfi = SUA_Al>), rel. pron. ac. sing, indecl. (Bugge). 

 SO, that. 



At*, rel. pron. ac. s. indecl. (Bugge). AT., THAT., irhich. IU'gge 

 parallels this SUA AT, SUAT, SUA^, by KH AT, KTIT, \>Vl[>. 



LYRplR, n. pi. m. (Bugge). A decisive and admirable identification, 

 the well known epithet given to the Clergy (O.-E. L^IRDE), especially 

 in Scandinavia. In Old-Swedish, also BOK-L/ER»)TR IVLEN and KL^.R- 



