J48 A. L. V. Manniche. 



from the moment, in which thej^ left the nest till they were able to 

 fly, I succeeded in ascertaining several other facts concerning the 

 biology of the young. I found no constant change in the places, 

 where young ones of different age would go to live. Until they 

 were quite able to fly, and then were left by their mother, they 

 would resort to the before mentioned places by turns. I never saw 

 young ones, which were still unable to fly, by the salt water shore 

 or near this. In one case I met with a brood of Sanderlings on a 

 spot different to the usual locality; this was a large sandy plain 

 without any vegetation far from fresh water and more than 10 kilo- 

 meter from the sea. The young were almost full-grown (August 8'^) 

 and must certainly have been hatched some two kilometer North 

 of the place, where I found them; here I later on found a typical 

 though small nesting-place. 



Within 12 to 14 days the young ones are full-grown and able 

 to fly. 



Strange to say the brood of the Sanderling seems to suffer very 

 little from hostile persecution, a fact, which may be due to the ac- 

 complished vigilance and prudent behaviour of the old female and 

 the young as well as the extremely suitably coloured clothing of 

 these. I wonder that these defenceless small beings can avoid the 

 Polar Fox, which in this season more frequently than usual visits 

 the domain of the waders, and which, as well-known, has an excel- 

 lent sense of smell. 



The fact that I, among the some 50 broods of downy young 

 ones, did not find one defective may perhaps be taken as proof, that 

 it is but a small part of its brood, that this species must yield to 

 the not few bird-eating animals of the country. I admit, that the 

 proof is not quite unassailable, when the question is about the 

 Polar Fox, as this animal having found one young one will certainly 

 be able to blot out every trace of the brood. 



The Skua — Lestris longicauda — which occurs everywhere in 

 North-East Greenland, is, as soon as it appears by the breeding- 

 places of the Sanderling, pursued by these in the most violent 

 manner. 



I have in the country never seen Sanderlings nor other waders 

 act on the offensive against Ravens, which however often visit the 

 nesting-places of these. 



The young Sanderlings are most subject to danger having join- 

 ed in flocks on the shores of the firths before they have reached 

 the full power of their wings. Here they only have to fear the 

 Gyrfalcon. 



I have not been able to point out any difference worth men- 



