328 Fbits Johansen. 



The highest temperature (about + 20°) occurs in sheltered small 

 bays with rich vegetation and thick muddy bottom; a very different 

 temperature (ca. -|- 2°) may be measured at places, where a mass of 

 snow lies melting or under the thin ice. 



Regarding the appearance of the lakes, reference should be 

 made, as already mentioned, to the figures and chart of "Winges 

 Coast", from which it will be seen, that they are often very shallow 

 far out, as the stones of the bank and bottom reach above the 

 water at many places or the vegetation is continued out under the 

 water. The bank is sometimes stony and bare, sometimes sandy 

 and flat with a slight vegetation of grass and sedge; or it has the 

 form of a bog with copious vegetation where the lake is connected 

 with larger or smaller pools; often a mass of snow lies on the bank, 

 which on melting brings more water to the lake and causes this to 

 overflow its banks and cover the surrounding land (month of June); 

 or the lake replaces the water which evaporates or flows away from 

 the shallow, outer margins as the summer nears its end (in August). 



The banks may have a rich vegetation (chiefly Salix, Ranun- 

 ciiliis, grasses, sedges etc.) in the form of small blulTs with offlying, 

 lower, sandy places which pass evenly over to the bottom of the 

 lake (sandy or muddy); or the Aegetation may be легу poor (mostly 

 mosses and lichens) on the stony places, where the stone-covered 

 land shelves out into the water. The light-brown mud (plant 

 remains), which covers the bottom with a thicker or thinner layer, 

 is interspersed in the shallow water with mosses, grasses and 

 sedges {Carex, Eriophonim etc.) and Hippiiris, and numerous green 

 algae float about in the water especially at sheltered places. Along 

 with the often teeming animal life here, the whole gives the bottom 

 of the lake a richness and beautj^ the dry land mostly lacks. — 

 Out in the deeper water (ca. 3 meters) the vegetation becomes 

 scarcer and consists mostly of mosses and algae in the fine, brown 

 mud; and still further out the mud becomes less rich in plant life 

 and grayer in colour (see under Sælsøen and Annekssøen). 



We may now select one of the lakes (of ca. 3 meters depth) 

 for further description of the macroscopic life in it throughout 

 the year. 



If we go out in a boat on a summer's day to where the lake is 

 deepest, or in autumn cut a hole down through the ice, and make 

 some vertical hauls with the plankton net (bottom — surface), we ob- 

 tain almost exclusively numbers of water-fleas (Cijclops streniiiis Fisch.) 



