616 K.Stephensen. 



both cases; but how far it is essentially arctic or essentially boreal, 

 cannot be determined from 2 isolated occurrences. 



Regarding Janthe laciniata the same may be said. The "Tjalfe" 

 has taken it along with the previous species, and" further at 66°45'N., 

 56°30' W., 200 fm. It was known earlier from Storeggen Bank off 

 Molde, Nordland and Finmarken. 



Cordylochele (Pallenej malleolata is recorded by Sars (Norweg. 

 North-Atlantic Exped.) from. Spitzbergen, Bear Island and Kara Sea, 

 which would refer it almost to the cold area, to which also a couple 

 of stations of the "Ingolf" belong; but the "Ingolf" has also taken 

 it at W.Greenland 66°35'N., 56°38'W., 318 fm., 3.9 С and 63°06 N., 

 56°00'W., 1199 fm. (2237 m.), 2.4° С and a single station belongs to 

 the deep Atlantic (6П8' N., 27°0' W., 295 fm., 5.8° C). 



The above review shows, that there are several faunas at Green- 

 land which are fairly distinct from one another. The boundaries 

 between the groups are in most cases not difficult to define, even 

 though we lack sufficient material for several species. 



Owing to its restricted nature probably the arctic fauna may be 

 said to be the best known. The deep-water fauna is known mainly 

 from the Norwegian North-Atlantic Exped. and from the expedition of 

 the Duke of Orléans; the littoral fauna has been studied by a large 

 number of expeditions and is naturally much better known, especially 

 at Greenland and Spitzbergen. The regions N. of Russia and Siberia 

 are mainly known from the Danish "Dijmphna" Exped. and the 

 Swedish "Vega" Exped. Arctic America is much less favourably 

 placed. The only expedition which has as yet passed over the whole 

 distance north of America is the Norwegian "Gjøa" Expedition under 

 Captain Amundsen, but the zoological material of this expedition 

 has not yet been worked up. We can thus say nothing with cert- 

 ainty regarding the circumpolarity of any single species; it is quite 

 a different thing, to suppose, that species which occur from eastern, 

 arctic N. America over Greenland and Spitzbergen to and including 

 Siberia, may in all probability be circumpolar, but whether the 

 supposition is correct, is left for the future to show. 



Mention has already been made of the southern boundary for the 

 arctic deep-water fauna. The arctic littoral fauna, on the other hand, 

 had a different boundary, due to the currents. On the European 

 side the boundary lies E. of Finmarken. . Nevertheless, it does not 

 seem to me to be absolutely wrong to consider Finmarken, as has 

 been done in the preceding pages, as belonging to the arctic region, 

 since it contains like the ridge in the Davis Strait a mixture of the 

 arctic and the boreal faunas. On the American side the boundary 



