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Frits Johansen. 



could not be very great. And when it is remembered, lastly, that 

 the regions visited were absolutely unknown, with regard to carto- 

 graphy, hydrography, biology etc., it will be understood that a 

 definite plan of investigations could only be formed gradually. 



A few contributions have been made to the fish-fauna from the 

 investigation of the stomachs of seals (Phoca foetida L.), birds 

 (especially Larus eburneus Phipps) and also fishes (Salmo alpinus L.), 

 as |also from the few occasions (Maroussia Island, July 1907) when 

 I obtained dead fish from openings and channels in the ice (through 

 which they had been pressed up by currents) or when I have found 



Fig. 3. Hauling the seine to land. 



them washed up on the beach at several places. Of more value 

 however was the use of the ice or boat (motor, rowing or sailing 

 boat) for the investigations, as also when the ship was on the 

 voyage in and out of Danmarks Havn. 



With regard to apparatus, I have used for the deeper water the 

 Sigsby, shrimp and young-fish trawls, as also large dredges and 

 plankton-net; in shallower water bottom-traps, cod and salmon nets, 

 hooks and pilk etc. The two apparatus which have been most 

 useful were, however, the eel-seine (yet only on soft ground) (fig. 3), 

 which is easy to work and yields a rich harvest especially of fish, 

 and dredges, of which I had several forms at my disposal, for hard 

 and soft bottom and all sizes from large to quite small. The dredge 



