92 Sottas— On the Origin of Freshwater Faunas. 
Merazoa—continued. Coelenterata. 
Spongie. Hydrozoa, fm. 
Myxospongie, 0. m. Actinozoa, 0. Mm. 
Ceraospongie, 0. Mm. 
Monaxonide, fm. Hydrozoa. 
Tetractinellide, Bi Osa. Hydromeduaa, cp. 
Hexactinellide, 0. mM. (heer 
= : Siphomedusz, 0. mM. 
Calcispongie, 0. mM. 
Monaxonide. Hydromedusee. 
Renieride, Sm. Gymnoblastica-anthomeduse, /. m. 
Chalinopsidee, 0. mM. (Hydra and Cordylo- 
Desmacidine, 0. mM. phora are the only fresh- 
Suberitide, 0. m. water forms in this 
Renieride. group. ) 
A large number of sub-fa- Calyptoblastica-leptomedusa, 0. m. 
milies not yet defined, 0. m. Tr achomedusze, J Ueuice 
Spongillinz, 0: (Lymnocodium is — the 
j only described freshwater 
Spongilhnee. genus in this group.) 
Section a—with statoblasts. Narcomeduse, 0. M. 
Ephydatia, Hydrocoralline, 0. Mm. 
Euspongilla, Siphonophora, 0. M. 
Tubella, 
Parmula, Polyzoa. 
*Section 4—without statoblasts. | Ectoprocta, t 0. Mm. 
Lubomirskia, Entoprocta, Sf. m. 
Potamolepis, Gymnolemata, jf. m. 
Uruguaya, Phylactoleemata, JO: 
* This section was instituted by Dr. Wm. Marshall (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1883, ser. v. vol. xii.) ; 
but with the exception of Lubomirskia, the alleged absence of statoblasts is asserted on negative 
evidence of an incomplete character. Lubomirskia lives in Lake Baikal. Potamolepis inhabits the 
Congo, occurring as far up as 150 miles by water from the sea, and over 100 metres above its level, 
with several cataracts intervening. Marshall also mentions Spongilla stygia, a transparent sponge, 
living in the Grotto of Gurk in Carniola, as being devoid of statoblasts. 
Those freshwater sponges which do not form statoblasts are the exception: the vast majority of the 
Spongilline, world-wide in distribution, are characterized by the occurrence of these structures. 
+ The Ectoprocta are usually regarded as exclusively marine ; but exceptions are recorded. Semper 
quotes the following :—Membranipora bengalensis, Stol.; Victorella pavida, Kent (Animal Life, p. 486). 
The Gymnolemata are almost exelusively marine. Paludicella is the only exception known in this 
country. Prof. Haddon regards it as a comparatively late immigrant.—Haddon, ‘‘On Budding in 
Polyzoa:’’ Quart. Journ. Micro. Sci., vol. xxiii., N. 8., p. 551. 
