206 Bracxpurn— The Hawaiian Archipelago. 
of eighteen days there. On that occasion I landed at the western extremity, and 
worked my way eastwards along the south coast to the isthmus, which I then 
crossed ; I afterwards pushed on along the north coast to Haleakala, spending 
five days on the mountain (until famine drove me down), but not exploring much 
above 5000 feet of elevation, as the supply of insects evidently fell off above that 
region. My fourth, and last, visit to the island was in September, when I 
passed five days there, three of which I devoted to Haleakala. 
LANAI. 
This island lies due west of Maui, from which it is separated by a channel nine 
miles wide. It is one of the smaller islands, having an area of only about 150 
square miles. Its highest summit has an elevation of about 3400 feet, and the 
mountains occupy an unusually small proportion of area to the plains; moreover, 
the forest is here less extensive and dense than in most parts of the archipelago. 
I am told, however, that it is very rich in species of plants. 
I spent just a week on Lanai, in the month of September, and obtained several 
species of extreme interest, especially Proterhinus insignis, Sh., which must be con- 
sidered, I think, the finest species yet discovered of its remarkable genus. As a 
rule the insect fauna of the island appears to be closely related to that of Maui, but 
only a few of its insects seem absolutely identical with those of its neighbour; I fee] 
compelled to regard them in general as species in course of acquiring complete 
isolation, and therefore incapable of being treated as mere varieties. In the few 
patches of forest that I explored it appeared to me that insects were more plentiful 
than might have been expected. 
Hawau. 
Hawaii is the largest island of the archipelago, having an area of 4210 square 
miles. It lies almost due south of Maui, from which a channel twenty-five miles 
wide divides it. It is almost entirely mountainous (save a narrow strip of land 
around the coast), and may be described as consisting of four great masses of 
mountain, surrounding a lofty and rugged table-land. In the north there is a very 
abrupt range running east and west, not far from the coast, with an elevation of about 
5500 feet. The southern side of this range is occupied by a table-land ranging 
from 2000 to 3000 feet above the sea, from which, somewhat north of the centre of 
the island, the enormous mountain Mauna Kea rises to an altitude of nearly 14,000 
feet. Near the middle of the western coast lies a mountain called Hualalei, with 
an elevation a little above 8000 feet ; and the whole southern portion is occupied 
by Mauna Loa, a huge volcano exceeding 13,000 feet in altitude. The central 
table-land, into which each of these three mountains slope on one side, has an 
