Davis—On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon. 465 
species. Some species of crustaceans are also met with. This fish-bed differs 
from that of Hakel by its inferior position, the nature of the species, the quality 
of the chalk, the absence of silex, &c. 
The convent of Sahel Alma is situated a little over one and a-half miles 
E.N.E. of Djouni, the latter about nine and a-half miles north of Beyrout. 
The conyent is built on ground sloping rapidly towards the sea, covered with 
soil growing mulberry trees, beneath which is the marly chalk containing the 
fishes. 
Dr. Oscar Fraas, in 1878, published the second part of his valuable memoir, 
“Aus dem Orient,” which is, perhaps, the most useful work existing on the 
geological and stratigraphical constitution of that portion of Syria comprised in 
the district around the mountains of Lebanon. It is intituled ‘‘ Geologische 
Beobachtungen am Libanon,” and, in addition to an exhaustive description of 
the strata, the author gives a brief but comprehensive delineation of the fossil 
remains found in, and characteristic of, the several formations. The arrangement 
of the beds in the Lebanon district is somewhat complex, and not easily defined 
and correlated. Dr. Fraas recognizes the representatives of several European 
divisions, which are comprised in the following series, commencing from those 
uppermost in the series :— 
Fraas. D Orbigny. Lyell. 
Senonbildung. Danian and Maestricht beds. 
Senonian. White chalk, and part of chalk 
marl. 
Turonbildung. Turonian. Chalk marl. 
Cenomanbildung. Cénomanian. Upper Greensand. 
Gault. Albien and Aptien. Gault and part of Lr. Greensand. 
Neokom. Neocomian. Part of Lr. Greensand and the 
Wealden. 
The divisions are further subdivided into horizons, based on their paleeonto- 
logical contents, the characteristic fossils in most instances serving to indicate 
the bed by its name. The three uppermost divisions, with which we are more 
especially concerned in this work, constitute the following horizons :— 
I. Senonbildung. 
1. Senonmergel or white chalk, with nummulitic beds. 
II. Turonbildung. 
2. Marl or soft chalk, with the fishes of Sahel Alma. 
3. Slatey or hard chalk, with fish remains of Hakel. 
4. Radiolitenzone. 
