578 Davis—On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon. 
Clupea pulchra, Davis. 
(Pl. xxxut., fig. 3.) 
This exquisite little specimen is almost perfect im all its parts. From the tip 
of the snout to the base of the tail it is 2°0 inches in length; the tail adds 0:4 
of an inch to this length; the height is 0°5 of an inch. The bones of the head are 
preserved. The head is 0°6 of an inch in length; the fins and tail are present ; 
the scales on the upper surface have been removed. The outline of the fish 
is gracefully fusiform. 
The head is 0°6 of an inch in length and 0°45 of an inch in height, tapering 
anteriorly to the snout; the orbit is large, and situated anteriorly and high; 
the pre-maxillary and maxillary are slightly arched downwards. The mandible 
is 0:4 of an inch in length. The gape is wide; there is no evidence of teeth. 
The operculum is large and posteriorly rounded; the upper surface of the 
cranium is slightly rounded. 
The spinal column bends with a gentle sigmoidal curvature from the head 
to the tail; it comprises fifty-five vertebra, of which only sixteen are caudal. 
The vertebrze are small; ribs numerous and very fine; neural and hzmal spines 
are straight and long: they are about double the distance apart which sepa- 
rates the ribs; interneural and interhemal spines support the dorsal and anal 
fin-rays. 
The dorsal fin is situated considerably behind the middle of the length of 
the fish; from the snout to the anterior ray of the fin is 1:5 inch, or from 
the occiput 0-9 of an inch; from the anterior ray of the dorsal to the base of 
the caudal is 0°6 of an inch. This fin has sixteen rays; the longest rays are 
0-2 of an inch in length, and the base of the fin extends the same distance along 
the dorsal surface. 
The anal fin is midway between the dorsal and caudal on the opposite surface 
of the body; it is considerably smaller than the dorsal, and appears to consist of 
ten rays; but its structure is a little indeterminate. 
The abdominal surface of the body exhibits the serrated edge, which 
Dr. Giinther regards as one of the characters of Clupea. The serrations are 
very small, and can only be seen with a magnifying glass, after carefully 
arranging the light. 
The caudal fin is composed of a number of strong rays supporting the outer 
margins of the two lobes; the tail is forked, and the rays become gradually 
finer as they approach the median part of the fin. A series of short rays support 
the dorsal and abdominal margins of the fin. 
The pectoral fins are attached immediately behind the head to the scapular arch ; 
the fins are large, the number of rays not well defined; they extended 0:3 of an 
