582 Davis—On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon. 
with a series of more or less parallel plates, probably the anterior portion of the 
branchiostegal rays. The upper part of the head is badly preserved. 
The spinal column is composed of forty-eight to fifty vertebra, of which 
nineteen are caudal ; they are small, as broad as high anteriorly ; posteriorly the 
vertebrae are broader in proportion to their height. The hypural bone is long 
and pointed posteriorly ; it ascends to the upper lobe of the tail. The vertebre 
are much contracted in the middle. The neural and hemal spines are numerous, 
long, and fine; the ribs similarly so. Interhzmal and interneural spines support 
the anal and dorsal fins. 
The dorsal fin is situated 1:4 inch behind the occiput, and 0:8 of an inch 
before the caudal fin; it consists of twelve fin-rays, of which the anterior one is 
longest, extending 0°45 inch; they possess the ordinary characteristics of the 
genus, and are branched and articulated towards the extremity of the fin. 
The anterior ray of the anal fin is 0°55 of an inch from the base of the 
caudal; its base extends 0°35 of an inch; it is composed of eighteen rays, about 
half the length of those of the dorsal. The caudal fin is large, consisting of 
numerous rays, subdivided, and forming a filamentous margin; the rays are 
articulated quite to the base. The fin is supported dorsally and ventrally by 
a number of rudimentary caudal rays. 
The pectoral fins are imperfectly exposed ; the left fin is broken away with 
the matrix near its base; sufficient remains attached to the bones of the scapular 
arch to indicate the number of rays, which was fifteen. The right fin is also 
exposed behind the ribs, but the rays are closely aggregated together; it has 
a length of 0-6 of an inch. The ventral fins are laid closely along the side; 
they are half the size of the pectorals, and were each supported by a long, 
somewhat triangular bone. 
This specimen, whilst it agrees in the generic characters of the genus Clupea 
in the arrangement of the fins, the deciduous character of its small teeth, and its 
internal anatomy, differs from any of the species hitherto described, more 
especially in the posterior position of its dorsal, ventral, and anal fins. The 
number of caudal vertebrae, as compared with the abdominal, also corresponds 
with the brevity of the external caudal region. 
This species and the one previously described (Clupea pulchra, Davis) are 
peculiar in having the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins situated quite on the posterior 
portion of the body of the fish. In no other Clupeoid from the chalk of Lebanon 
or elsewhere does this occur to anything like a similar extent. 
Lormation and Locality.—Upper Cretaceous: Sahel Alma, Mount Lebanon. 
Lz coll,—Lewis Collection; R. Damon, Esq., Weymouth. 
