Davis—On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon. 583 
Genus. Engraulis. AGassiz. 
“Scales large, or of moderate size. Snout more or less conical, projecting 
beyond the lower jaw. Teeth small or rudimentary. Inter-maxillaries very small, 
hidden; maxillary long, attached to the cheek by a scarcely distensible membrane. 
Anal fin of moderate or great length. Branchiostegals short, from nine to fourteen 
in number.” (Giinther.) 
Engraulis (?) tenuis, Davis. 
(Pl. xxx., figs. 4, 5.) 
The body is long, tapering towards the tail. In this specimen the back of the 
fish is exposed, the head is partially turned over, and some of the bones displaced. 
From the snout to the base of the tail the length is 3°5 inches; the tail adds 
0°5 inch; the diameter of the body between the pectoral and ventral fins is about 
0°5 inch. The pectoral, ventral, and dorsal fins are all situated near the head. 
The fins towards the tail, if the fish were possessed of any, are not preserved. 
The head is 0°9 of an inch in length; the operculi are large, and rounded 
posteriorly ; the bones are displaced, and not easily identified. The snout appears 
to have been rounded and somewhat prominent. 
The vertebral column consists of forty-seven vertebra; they are as high as 
long; twelve connect the ventral arch with the head; the remainder extend to the 
tail; the hypural bone is expanded and flat. A number of small and delicate ribs 
may be observed extending some distance beyond the ventral fins. Strong neural 
spines support the rays of the dorsal fin, and short but strong neural and hemal 
spines branch from the vertebree near the tail. 
The dorsal fin is situated 0°3 inch behind the head; it is composed of twelve 
rays, strongly attached to interneural apophyses, single and transversely articu- 
lated for half their length, and afterwards dichotomizing. The anterior rays are 
longest, 1:1 inch in length; the posterior rays become gradually shorter. Anal 
fin absent. Caudal fin supported by a broad hypural bone; lobes 0°5 inch in 
length, with about twenty-four rays divided between the two. 
The pectoral fins are large, consisting of sixteen rays each. The third, fourth, 
and fifth rays are longest, exceeding 1:0 inch in length; succeeding ones shorter ; 
the posterior margin of the fin has an oval form. The rays dichotomize. They 
are attached to the pectoral arch on the side of the body of the fish, and in this 
specimen are separated by a distance of 0:4 of an inch. The ventral fins are also 
rather widely separated from the abdominal surface; they consist of seven rays, 
radiating at a considerable angle from the pubic bones, indicating that the fins 
were capable of wide expansion. The ventral fins are half an inch from the 
pectorals, the latter being in close proximity to the head. 
4K2 
