598 Davis—On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon. 
in proportion to the height towards the tail. One half the vertebre are caudal. 
The ribs are long, extending quite to the ventral aspect of the body; they are 
strong, tapering towards the distal extremity. Neural spines are attached to each 
vertebra. The anterior ones are shorter than those attached to the caudal 
vertebree; both are supported and strengthened by small bones, extending at 
right angles to the neural spines, midway between the spinal column and the 
dorsal surface. Interneural spines, seventeen or eighteen in number, support the 
dorsal fin; the anterior ones are large and thick, the others diminish in size 
backwards ; the interneural spines are widely expanded at the upper extremity, 
and afford a firm base of attachment to the rays of the fin, which are likewise 
adapted to the surface of the spines. The hemal spines supporting the anal fin 
are longer and stronger than those extending from the superior surface of the 
vertebra ; they are expanded at the base and firmly attached. A number of small 
thin bones are laid across the hemal spines parallel with the vertebral column 
similar to those of the neural arrangement already referred to. Twenty inter- 
hemal spines support the anal fin; the anterior ones extend obliquely forward ; 
they are 0°7 inch in length, thick and strong; those succeeding diminish in size 
and length. 
The unpaired fins are all large and well developed. The dorsal consists of 
fifteen or sixteen rays; the two anterior ones are spinous, undivided, and shorter 
than the soft rays following. The latter are fully 1:5 inch in length, articulated, 
and repeatedly divided. The anterior ray is inserted midway between the tip of 
the snout and the base of the tail, and the base of the fin extends backwards on 
the dorsal surface 1:7 inch. The anal fin comprises eighteen to twenty rays, the 
longest anterior ones being 1:2 inch in length. The base of the anterior ray 
is 2°3 inches in advance of the caudal, and the base of the fin extends a length of 
1:6 inch. The rays are articulated and divided, but apparently not to the same 
extent as those of the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is deeply bilobate. The longest 
ray of each lobe is about the eighth; that of the upper lobe is 2:0 inches, and 
that of the lower 2°3 inches in length; they are thick and strong, tapering 
towards the distal extremities, articulated at short intervals, but undivided. The 
rays preceding the eighth are shorter and rudimentary ; intermediate between 
them there are about twenty articulated rays, which rapidly subdivide and 
assume a filamentous condition. 
The paired fins differ very materially from those ascribed to E. boissieri by 
Pictet and Humbert (‘‘ Nouv. rech. sur les poiss. foss. du M. Liban.,” p. 104). The 
pectoral fins are attached to the pectoral arch at a point on or very near to the 
median abdominal line. The rays are about 1:0 inch in length, and perhaps 
twelve in number. The ventral fins are separated from the pectorals by a distance 
of 2:0 inches, and from the anal by 1°8 inch; they are attached to a large flat 
pubic bone on the abdominal surface, and are similar in size to those of the 
