CAMBRIAN AND PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION. 203 



1.— CAMBRIAN AND PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION. 



By W. HOWCHIN, Secretary of the Committee. 



The last report of the South Austrahan Glacial Research Com- 

 mittee was presented at the Adelaide Meeting of the Association 

 held in 1907. In the interval further explorations have 

 been made and additional data secured in the elucidation of the 

 glacial phenomena pertaining to the two great Ice Ages of South 

 Australia. 



1. Cambrian Glaciaiion. — In 1908 a paper on " Glacial Beds of 

 Cambrian Age in South Australia," was published by Mr. Howchin. ^ 

 In this paper the evidences of a Cambrian glaciation of South Aus- 

 tralia was given in detail and fully illustrated, and therefore the 

 ground covered in the paper need not be recapitulated in this report. 

 Attention, however, is called to the interesting and extended dis- 

 cussion which took place in London on the reading of the paper and 

 the unanimous acceptance of the evidences by the noted glacialists 

 who took part in the discussion. 



What has been done since then has been chiefly in the discovery 

 of further outcrops of the beds. By numerous traverses across the 

 strike it has been proved that the Cambrian glacial beds outcrop at 

 intervals of a few miles, in repeated foldings, over a vast area, from 

 a few miles north of Adelaide to the latitude of Port Augusta, and 

 from thence eastward into New South Wales. Also northward from 

 Port Augusta at many points in the Flinders Ranges and as far 

 north as the Willouran Ranges, near Hergott. The Cambrian 

 glacial till is, therefore, one of the most persistent horizons in South 

 Australian geology. Reference will be made to only one or two 

 new localities which possess special interest. 



The nearest outcrop of the glacial beds to Adelaide, on its 

 northern side, is in the Kapimda district. To the south of Adelaide, 

 in the Sturt Valley, the tillite is developed in great thickness, but is 

 cut off by a series of faults, near the Viaduct Gully, on the Adelaide 

 and Melbourne railway. North of this point the beds are lost to 

 sight under the effects of block-faulting, on a large scale, and by 

 the thick cover of alluvium which forms the Adelaide Plains. 



The glacial beds reappear in another disturbed area 50 miles 

 from their outcrop in the Sturt and 44 miles north of Adelaide. 

 Block faulting has brought them again to the surface and given the 

 beds a more east and west direction. The lie of the country is 

 indicated by the quartzites which immediately overlie the till, and 

 are in strong relief. About four miles west of Kapunda these 

 quartzites form the crest of the Camel's Hump Range, which has a 

 general north and south trend, but at Hawker's Creek, near Mr. 

 Hazel's homestead, the beds swing round towards the east, forming 

 conspicuous outcrops, and cross the Freeling and Kapunda railway 

 a little north of Ford's Railway Station. The till overlies the 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, LXIV, pp. 234-259, and plates XIX.-XXVI. 



