302 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION D. 



Murray River were being exterminated by the flukeworm and tape- 

 worm of the sheep. In the light of present knowledge of parasito- 

 logy we think it advisable to disregard this latter reference entirely. 



2. Clonorchis sinensis Cobbold, more commonly known as 

 Distomum sinense or Opisthorchis sinensis, the Chinese fluke, has 

 been found in Sydney and in Victoria in Chinamen, no cases being 

 reported from Australians (Austr. Med. Jour., XVIII., 1873, p. 85 

 (Victoria) ; jamieson, A.M.G.. XVI., 1897, pp. 71, 147 (Sydney); 

 Corlette, A. Med. Gaz., XVI., 1897, p. 146, 195 (Sydney). 



3. Schistosomnm {Bilharzia) hcBniatohiiim, Bilharz. Several 

 cases have been found in the Commonwealth, but in every instance 

 the parasites had gained an entrance in South Africa. On the 

 return of our troops from the South African War many were found 

 to have become infected. The helminth appears to be able to live 

 for many years, as we have quite recently found the ova in the 

 urine of men who have been in Australia for a number of years 

 since their stay in South Africa. The earliest record is that by 

 Poulton (Austr. Med. Gaz. 1892, p. 347), the next being that by 

 Seabrooke (A.M.G., 1893, p. 194), both of these being found in 

 Adelaide in individuals who had resided in South Africa. Then 

 follow a numl')er of references mainly as a result of the return of 

 infected soldiers (Hinder, A.M.G., XXIII., 1904, p. 511— Sydney ; 

 Stacy, A.M.G., XXV., 1906, pp. 350, 397— Sydney ; Johnston, 

 Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, XXXIV., 1909, p. 118, and A.M.G., 

 1909, p. 480— Sydney ;— Morton A.M.G., 1909, p. 79 — N.S.W.). 

 Newmarch (A.M.G., XXVI., 1907, p. 336 ; Inter. Med. Jour. Austr., 

 1907, p. 466), recorded finding one ovum of this blood fluke in 

 Newcastle, N.S. Wales, in the urine of a patient who had not been 

 out of Australia for 23 years. We agree with Nash (A.M.G., XXVI., 

 1907, p. 419) in regarding the record as invalid, being based on a 

 mistaken identification. Another case is referred to by Dr. Tidswell 

 in the Ann. Rep. Bur. Microbiology, N.S.W., 1909 (1910), p. 90. 



Cestoda. — 1. As already mentioned, tapeworms are quite rare 

 in human beings in Australia, and as far as we can find out all 

 those which have been acquired locally belong to the species Tccnia 

 saginata G., also known as T. mediocanellata, Kchm., the larva of 

 which is Cysticerciis bovis, a bladder worm producing measly beef. 

 We do not know of any instances of the larva having been found 

 in Australia, this indicating its extreme rarity, as it would be re- 

 ported if met with during meat inspection. Of course it is quite 

 possible that the cysticercus occurs in some country localities, more 

 especially dairying districts, by infection from introduced cases in 

 man, and might here be overlooked. It is in these districts where 

 man and the ox are closely associated, whereas in the pastoral 

 districts where cattle are raised for the meat market there is prac- 

 tically no such association. The recorded cases are as follows : — 



Johnson, Trans. Inter. Med. Congr. Austr., 1905, p. 380 (Adel- 

 aide) ; Johnston, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, XXXIV., 1909, 



