THE HELMINTH PARASITES OF MAN. 307 



filaria F. bancrojti, and the hookworm. The latter is more com- 

 monly known as Ankylostoma ditodenale, though it is spelt in more 

 than a dozen different ways, Agchylostoma being the first used. 

 Some workers now use the term Ankylostoma as a popular name for 

 the parasite, but retain the original spelling when referring to the 

 worm under its scientific name. We all know of its ravages in some 

 parts of the world. It is becoming very widespread along the 

 coastal districts of Queensland, especially in the rural districts, 

 where there is a lack of sanitary conveniences, and where the 

 children, who are the main sufferers, go barefoot. With a single 

 exception all the cases come from the Northern State. 



As already mentioned, Hogg was the first to find the hookworm 

 in Australia (A.M.G., VIII., 1888-9, pp. 60, 92, 133, and Brit. Med. 

 Jour., 1889, p. 792), obtaining it at Goonda Lunatic Asylum, 

 Queensland. It is quite possible that the anaemia referred to by 

 Ahearne (A.M.G., 1890, p. 293), as being present in the inhabitants 

 of Townsville, was the result of infection by Ankylostomes, which 

 had not at that time been detected in that part of Queensland. 



In 1892 we find that Bacot (A.M.G., 1892, p. 450) and Gibson 

 {Ibid. 440) refer to cases, the former finding it in three children from 

 Cairns, the latter detecting it in an adult from Maryborough. 

 There is also a reference by Gibson and Turner to its occurrence in 

 North Queensland in the Trans. Inter. Med. Congr. Austr. 1892, p. 

 134. In the next year Dr. T. L. Bancroft exhibited specimens 

 (A.M,G. 1893, p. 258) before the Queensland Branch of the British 

 Medical Association. In 1895 several references occur. Turner, 

 Gibson, Love and Ashworth (A.M.G., 1895, p. 456) all refer to it, 

 Turner mentioning its occurrence in children in Brisbane and 

 North Queensland ; Gibson referring to his finding it in an adult ; 

 Love to its presence in a child of four years of age, from whose 

 faces Ashworth stated that he had obtained two hundred ankylo- 

 stomes after Love had employed thymol. In the same year Lawes 

 (A.M.G., 1895, pp. 445-8) published notes on two cases in children, 

 one coming from the Tweed Heads, just within the New South 

 Wales border, the other from Brisbane. Turner refers to it again in 

 the Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, XL, 1895, p. 99. 



In 1896 this parasite is again dealt with by Ashworth (A.M.G., 

 1896, pp. 482-4) and Turner (A.M.G., 1896, p. 484 ; Trans. Inter. 

 Med. Congr. Austr. 1896, p. 101 ; and Inter. Med. Jour. Austr. L, 

 1896, p. 65). Ashworth mentions that he treated a child of ten 

 years of age with thymol and picked out 650 hookworms from the 

 first two succeeding stools. In addition to the ankylostomes, the 

 Rhabdonema referred to above was also present (p. 483-4). Turner 

 referred to Ashworth's case, making remarks on the Rhabdonema. 



In 1897 Hardie (A.M.G., 1897, p. 354) found the parasite in an 

 adult in Cairns. In the next year O'Doherty (A.M.G., 1898, p. 

 47) in a presidential address referred to the hookworm, and some 

 of the earlier records to its presence in Queensland. 



