" BRAXY " SHEEP DISEASE IN AUSTRALIA. 605 



bacilli, also bacilli morphologically like those of tetanus ; pleural fluid, blood 

 and spleen, no bacilli. 



Note. — Sheep 3 and lamb 4 indicate how the post-mortem appearances 

 may vary considerably. 



IV. — Weakening of Virulence in Cultures in Serum Broth (without 



glucose) under Oil. 



Guineapig 30. — Inoculated with 0.1 cc. one day old fifth subculture 

 from lamb 1. Death occurred in 36 hours. Post-mortem examination : 

 much subcutaneous oedema, with a little gas ; small quantity of effusion in 

 peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities ; small area of liver necrosis ; a 

 little intestinal effusion. 



Lamb 3 (one year old). — Inoculated with 0.3 cc. three days' old sixth 

 subculture from lamb 1, being a subculture made from that used for guineapig 

 30 a week after guineapig 30 was inoculated. For two days the lamb re- 

 mained normal apparently but for slight swelling without definite lameness ; 

 then distinct lameness appeared, with swelling, the animal having no 

 appetite. Death occurred 72 hours after inoculation. Post-mortem exami- 

 nation : Limb swollen ; inuch subcutaneous oedema extending from coronet 

 to near sternum ; slightly blood-tinged around point of inoculation, but 

 elsewhere clear and semi-gelatinous ; muscles pale and oedematous, with 

 areas dark, blood-infiltrated, and friable ; little odour. Abdominal cavity : 

 about a pint of amber-coloured serosity ; spleen slightly enlarged and 

 softened ; liver congested, but no necrosis ; kidneys dark and congested ; 

 abomasum mucosa congested, and folds oedematous. Thorax, about 2 oz. 

 clear effusion. Heart normal. 



Guineapig 42. — Inoculated with 0.1 cc. tenth subculture in serum broth 

 as used for lamb 5. Result : remained normal. Two days later re-inocu- 

 lated with OT cc. 21 days old seventh sub-culture in serum broth from 

 lamb 1. Result : remained normal. Ten days later, inoculated with 0-25 

 eg. muscle of lamb 1, as used for other guineapigs 23 and 26 and sheep 4. 

 Result : remained normal, but for passing swelling. 



Guineapig 45. — Inoculated with 0.05 cc. six weeks' old eighth sub-culture 

 from lamb 1. Result : ocal swelling and stiffness developed, from which 

 gradual recovery occurred. 



Sheep 4 (old ewe, incisor teeth worn-out, with three months' lamb at 

 foot). — Inoculated with 0-5 cc. five days' old ninth sub-culture, carried on 

 for two months at intervals. Twenty-four hours later slight swelling, no 

 lameness ; temperature, 102-6°. Lameness appeared later, the swelling 

 slightly increased, and temperature rose to 103°, but oth rwise the animal 

 remained normal. The following day the lameness and swelling had dis- 

 appeared. (Compare guineapig 39.) Seventeen days after this inoculation 

 sheep 4 was re-inoculated with 2 eg. dried muscle of lamb 1, a large dose 

 being employed, as it was thought the age of the animal might have induced 

 natural immunity. Twenty-four hours later there was oedema of the limb ; 

 temperature 104-5°, which rose by evening to 106°. Next day the swelling 

 had increased ; the animal showed disinclination to move ; temperature, 

 103°. Gradually the oedema spread along floor of abdomen ; by late evening 

 animal was prostrate. Death occurred about 70 hours after inoculation. 

 Post mortem examination : skin of thigh slight livid. Subcutaneous oedema 

 extends from coronet to pubis and along abdomen for several inches ; clear 

 unless at region of inoculation, where blood-tinged. Muscles pale but 

 hajmorrhagic where inoculation made. No gas and no odour unless just 

 where muscle incised. Peritoneum and pl3ura contain small quantity of 

 clear effusion. Abomasum normal, but for slight submucous oedema. Duo- 

 denum deeply congested for about ten inches from pylorus. Heart : some 

 petechiae on epicardium ; otherwise normal. 



