1792 on the culture of madder. 1Og 
to be made acquainted before he begins to cultivate it. 
These are, 
1st, The Zealand madder, This is the kind most com- 
mon in-use. It is, when compared with the others, a 
strong robust plant,—the leaves larger, and of a darker 
green colour. It produces fewer seeds, and the roots send 
out a much greater number of off-sets, or rambling fibres, than 
the other sorts. It is of course more easily propagated by 
off-sets, and more difficult to be increased by seeds than 
the other sorts. Its roots afford lefs colouring matter in 
proportion to their bulk, and of a lefs brilliane lustre 
than the other sorts. 
2d, The Hazala madder from Smyrna; sometimes also it 
"is called Lizary. This plant grows naturally in the Le- 
vant, and has been hitherto usually imported from Smyrna. 
Its stalks are weaker than the Zealand madder ; its leaves 
smaller, and of a paler green colour; its roots are smal- 
ler, but firmer, and have fewer joints. And it runs more to 
seed than the other. It may be therefore cultivated more 
readily by seeds than by cuttings; and indeed this seems 
to be, on several accounts, the best mode of cultivating 
this plant, though it has been hitherto much lefs practised 
than that by runners. 
3d, The O:/sel madder. This is a. variety that was ac- 
cidentally discovered by Mr d’Ambourney, growing wild 
among the rocks at Oifsel near Rowen in France, and cul- 
tivated by that gentleman with considerable succefs. It 
seems to be very much, if not entirely, the same with the 
Hazala above described, from which it probably differs in 
no respect. The roots of both these sorts contain fewer 
small uselefs fibres than the other, and a greater proportion of 
firm, well ripened roots, from which alone a good colour 
can be obtained, and therefore weight for weight, they 
| -are of much greater value to the manufacturer than the 
Zealand kind, Whether these be distinct varieties, that 
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