206 Memoir upon living and fossil Elephants. 
A second skeleton was dug up in 1799 about 50 feet from 
the place where the former had been found: M. Baron Zach, 
upon this occasion, gave a circumstantial description of the 
soil, to which we shall resort in order to give the details of 
the discovery. s 
Thete are two places calle sTonna (Greffen Tonna and 
Burg Tonna), both situated in the valley of Unstrut, below 
Langensalza, and to the right of Salza and Unstrut. Al} 
this valley, like most of the low valleys in Thuringia, is 
filled by horizontal layers of a tender calcareous sandstone; 
which contains bones, deers’ horns, impressions of various 
Jeaves which are thought to proceed from the aquatic plants 
and trees of the country, and shells which apparently belong 
to the helix stagnalis, and other fresh-water shells. This 
sandstone in some places resolves into a marly sand, which , 
has been employed for this century past in manuring land.. 
It is partly obtained by subterraneous and irregular trenches; 
those of the commune of Burg Tonna are 40, 50, and 60 
feet below the surface. 
The workmen find, from time to time, elephants’ bones 
and teeth, and the bones of the rhinoceros, animals of the 
stag kind, and that of the tortoise. 
These dep6ts of sandstone are mixed alternately with 
others of clay, where these bones are also found, although 
more rarely. 
The two skeletons of 1696 Hey 1799 were found 50 feet 
deep. 
Of the former there was collected a femur weighing 32 
pounds ; and the head of the other femur as large as a man’s 
head, and weighing nine pounds ; a humerus Sask feet long, 
two spans eid a half broad; vertebrz, ribs; the head sath 
four grinders weighing twelve pounds each, and two tusks 
eight feet long: but a great number of these pieces were 
broken. 
We shall not detain our readers by giving an account of 
the disputes occasioned by this discovery. The medical in-, 
habitants of the country, when consulted by the duke of 
Gotha, unanimously declared that these bones were lusus 
nature, and supported their opinions by several pamphlets : 
but 
