1V PREFACE 
protection first brought their cause to public attention. 
In the eyes of many of its early friends the lumber- 
man was a vandal whose inordinate greed called for 
constant denunciation, while to the lumberman the 
ideas of the forest reformer had no relation whatever 
to the affairs of practical life. Since that early day 
lumbermen and foresters have been drawing together, 
and much progress has been made toward the right 
opinion, which may be expressed by saying that lum- 
berman and forester are as needful to each other as the 
ax and its helve. Without the ax the helve has little 
weight; without the helve the ax is lacking both in reach 
and in direction. 
As the aim of the book is wholly practical, much ma- 
terial of chiefly theoretical interest has been necessarily 
excluded from its pages. A little of it, either closely 
connected with the main object of the book or other- 
wise of special interest, has been printed in small type, 
Only so much of it has been included in the body of the 
book as is necessary to show the way by which results 
were reached. Hence, ‘The Adirondack Spruce,” 
considered as a general discussion, is extremely defec- 
tive. To mention but a single instance, no account is 
given of the age of the Spruce in relation to size, be- 
cause the plan of work here proposed does not require 
a knowledge of it. 
It is a fortunate fact that this plan of work is already 
undergoing practical trial. Dr. Webb was the first to 
adopt it, for Ne-Ha-Sa-Ne Park, a tract of 40,000 acres, 
including the land hereafter described. A statement 
