THE BASIS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT 39 
INCREASED GROWTH AFTER LUMBERING 
In the Adirondacks the forest to be dealt with does 
not consist of one species, but is a mixture of deciduous 
and coniferous trees of all ages. The cutting there has 
been governed by the distribution of merchantable tim- 
ber, and such considerations as have just been described 
have been left entirely out of account. In this way 
it happens that a considerable amount of old Spruce 
may be removed with very little benefit to the young 
trees of that species. Old Birch and Maple and other 
hardwoods may remain, and the effect of the cutting 
may not be to free any considerable number of 
young Spruce trees from the heavy cover overhead. 
In other cases the merchantable Spruce may stand in 
groups of old trees without young growth, so that 
their removal will have little or no effect on the 
young trees which remain. The best results are attained 
only when the timber removed was well distributed 
above the young trees. Where but a single merchant- 
able species is cut from the mixed forest this can 
not often be the case. Just what the effect of the 
cutting will be on the remaining trees depends then on 
the character of all the species in mixture as well as 
on the number and distribution of the old trees which 
were removed. It is therefore difficult to reach figures 
more than approximately exact. 
The following method of study was employed as a means of at- 
tacking this question: On areas of definite size, usually of one 
acre each, on cut-over land, all trees which would make pulp-wood 
were cut and analyzed so that their exact contents were known. 
