THE BASIS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT 41 
the fact that the effect of the probable removal of hardwoods from 
Spruce lands during the next few years has been neglected, com- 
bined to give assurance that any error resulting from their use wil 
be in favor of the forest owner, not against him. 
The following table gives the percent. of small 
trees whose growth was found to have been increased 
by the cutting of the old trees. It will be noticed that 
the causes of irregularity mentioned above have acted 
so powerfully as to prevent the statement of any exact 
ratio between the per cent. of trees affected and the 
amount of timber removed. In general the former may 
be taken at about twenty per cent. 
