XV 
CULTING 
THE object of forest management may be said to be 
the production of the largest amount of the most valu- 
able timber in the shortest time on a given area. This 
is often best accomplished for a given species by form- 
ing dense even-aged pure forests. The largest amount 
is thus produced because there are no other species 
occupying the ground. The timber will be most valu- 
able because in such a forest the natural pruning is 
very uniform and complete, and the trunks are long 
and clear. The timber is produced in the shortest 
time because there are no spreading trees overhead to 
suppress and hold back the young growth, which de- 
velops without hindrance except for the natural crowd- 
ing within the stand. 
At Ne-Ha-Sa-Ne Park it will not be possible to pro- 
duce a pure forest of Spruce over any large area. The 
hardwoods, which are intimately mixed with the Spruce 
now, forma constant factor which cannot be eliminated; 
and without doubt in time their value will have in- 
creased to such an extent that their presence will be 
extremely desirable. In the original forest, however, 
the mixture is chiefly promiscuous, whereas if the trees 
were mixed in patches the advantages of both the mixed 
and pure forest would be attained. It should, there- 
ore, be the ultimate aim in locating the cuttings to re- 
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